Background: The university stage is an important period of life development. Ideological and political education and psychological education are crucial for schools to ensure the political direction of cultivating people. However, low teaching efficiency has been the common problem in education. The purpose of this study was to analyze the importance and to explore the challenges faced by those two kinds of education.Methods: First, the importance of ideological and political, and psychological education in specialty courses for nursing undergraduates was investigated and studied by literature research and a questionnaire survey. Additionally, we discussed the challenges of ideological and political, and psychological education faced in the New Medical era. Second, a total of 157 survey data were selected randomly from the nursing school of XX Medical University, and their attitudes toward ideological and political education in specialty courses were analyzed by a questionnaire survey partly through wenjuanxing online. Meanwhile, the opportunity and challenges undergraduates have encountered were revealed by analyzing the survey data. Results: The results show that most undergraduates accept ideological and political education and recognize its importance; however, there are also some problems in ideological and political education that need to be noticed and addressed. Approximately 54% of the respondents recognized the significance of ideological and political education in specialty courses for nursing undergraduates. Approximately 52% of the nursing students would like increased comprehensive quality in ideological and political education in specialty courses for nursing undergraduates, 47% of the respondents considered the teachers unable to interpret the knowledge simply, and 39% of them thought the class atmosphere was not good enough. Currently, approximately 70% of nursing undergraduates want to watch ideological and political content related to specialty nursing courses via the internet, which may be a new challenge for teaching.Conclusions: The current research enforced the importance of ideological and political and psychological education in the New Medical era of nursing undergraduates. Meanwhile, it provides a serious and useful reference for ideological and political and psychological education, which is beneficial for solving the problems in ideological and political and psychological education in specialty courses for nursing undergraduates.