Stressors for Gay Men and Lesbians: Life Stress, Gay-Related Stress, Stigma Consciousness, and Depressive Symptoms

Lewis, Robin J.; Derlega, Valerian J.; Griffin, Jessica L.; Krowinski, Alison C.

doi:10.1521/jscp.22.6.716.22932

Cited by 399 publications

(301 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

267

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In a study of 204 lesbian, gay, bisexual and/or transgendered individuals (LGBT) researchers found that gay-related stress and life stress account for a significant proportion of variance in depressive symptomatology. Furthermore, gay-related stress accounted for unique variance in depressive symptomatology, which supports the hypothesis that minority stress is distinct from generalized life stress and occurs above and beyond levels of generalized life stress (Lewis, Derlega, Griffin, & Krowinski, 2003).…”

Section: Chapter 2 Literature Review Perceived Stress In Minority Popsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…The minority stress model (Meyer, 1995; posits that stigmatization, discrimination and prejudice experienced by sexual minorities increase vulnerability to psychosocial stress, above and beyond stress related to daily hassles (Harrell, 2000;Meyer, 2003;Wei, Ku, Russell, Mallinckrodt, & Liao, 2008). This stress is nearly constant, and can result in the experience of chronic stress (Lewis, Derlega, Griffin, & Krowinski, 2003;Meyer, 2003). In a study of 204 lesbian, gay, bisexual and/or transgendered individuals (LGBT) researchers found that gay-related stress and life stress account for a significant proportion of variance in depressive symptomatology.…”

Section: Chapter 2 Literature Review Perceived Stress In Minority Popmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Discrimination and Perceived Stress in Sexual and Gender Minorities: Self-Esteem As a Moderating Factor

Wike¹,

Vosvick²

2012

PsycEXTRA Dataset

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sexual and gender minorities are subjected to discrimination and stigmatization which increase vulnerability to psychological co-morbidities (Mays & Cochran, 2001). The mechanisms through which discrimination contributes to distress in lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (lgbt) communities can be partially elucidated through the minority stress model. The minority stress model argues that minorities are subjected to negative societal attitudes and discrimination that results in excessive psychosocial stress related to their minority position, which is distinct from daily stress. Meyer's minority stress model is supported by social stress theoriesand data linking discrimination to stress in lgb samples. Researchers suggest that selfesteem buffers the negative effects of adverse experiences but tests of the moderating effect of self-esteem on the discrimination-distress relationship in ethnic and gender minorities yielded mixed results. Szymanski found that self-esteem moderates the relationship between discrimination and psychological distress in a male sexual minority sample, but this has never been tested in a gender-balanced sexual minority sample. We hypothesized that higher levels of self-esteem are associated with lower overall perceived stress in lgbt adults, and that selfesteem acts differentially in lgbt populations to moderate perceived discrimination. We found that discrimination, self-esteem and the interaction effect between discrimination and selfesteem accounted for 53 percent of the total variance in perceived stress scores, ∆R2 = .38; adj. R2 = .53, F(12, 133) = 14.47, p < .001.When we tested whether self-esteem moderated the relationship between discrimination and stress, discrimination was positively related to stress, β = .13, t(144) = 2.14, p < .05, and self-esteem was negatively related to stress, β = -.63, t(144) = -10.26, p < .001. The interaction between self-esteem and discrimination positively correlated with stress, β = .14, t(144) = 2.29, p < .05. Our findings suggest that self-esteem may alleviate the impact of discrimination on perceived stress, which has important implications for interventions designed to reduce stress in lgbt communities.

show abstract

Section: Chapter 2 Literature Review Perceived Stress In Minority Popsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Chapter 2 Literature Review Perceived Stress In Minority Popmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination and Perceived Stress in Sexual and Gender Minorities: Self-Esteem As a Moderating Factor

Wike¹,

Vosvick²

2012

PsycEXTRA Dataset

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This hypothesis is based on evidence that members of stigmatized groups differ in the extent to which they expect to be targets of negative stereotypes and discrimination (Mendoza-Denton et al, 2002;Pinel, 1999). Individuals who expect to be rejected Eccleston & Major appraisals of discrimination 149 based on a stigmatized social identity pay more attention to subliminally presented information that is threatening to their social identity, are more distrustful of outgroup members, are more anxious in intergroup settings, and are more depressed compared to those lower in expectations of prejudice (Kaiser, Vick, & Major, in press;Lewis, Derlega, Griffin, & Krowinski, 2003;Mendoza-Denton et al, 2002;Pinel, 1999). Consistent with a stress and coping perspective, we hypothesized that individuals who tend to attribute ambiguous events to discrimination are vulnerable to lower self-esteem, to the extent that they also tend to appraise discrimination in more harmful ways.…”

Section: Determinants Of Discrimination Appraisalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attributions to Discrimination and Self-Esteem: The Role of Group Identification and Appraisals

Eccleston

Major

2006

Group Processes & Intergroup Relations

125

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study tested the hypothesis that appraisals of discrimination (i.e. its perceived severity, global aspects, stability, and uncontrollability) mediate the relationship between attributions to discrimination and personal self-esteem. It also tested three models of how ethnic group identification is related to discrimination attributions, discrimination appraisals, and personal self-esteem. In a cross-sectional study of 160 Latino-American students, group identification was positively related to attributing ambiguous negative events to discrimination. Discrimination attributions were related to appraising discrimination as more global and severe. These latter appraisals, in turn, were related to lower self-esteem. No direct relationships were observed between self-esteem and either group identification or discrimination attributions. Results illustrate the importance of appraisals in understanding the relationship between perceived discrimination and self-esteem.

show abstract

“…Stigma consciousness, the extent to which targets of stereotypes are aware of them and expect to be stereotyped, has important influences on how people experience and behave in stereotype-relevant situations (Pinel, 1999). Higher levels of stigma consciousness with regard to one's sexual orientation are related to depressive symptoms and mental health well-being in general (Berghe, Dewaele, Cox, & Vincke, 2010;Lewis, Derlega, Griffin, & Krowinski, 2003). Moreover, people high in stigma consciousness have been shown to avoid stereotype-relevant situations in which there are opportunities to confirm the stereotype (Pinel, 1999), which may be particularly relevant for medical encounters.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heteronormativity and practitioner–patient interaction

Utamsingh

Richman

Martin

et al. 2015

Health Communication

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Heteronormativity is the presumption of heterosexuality as the default sexual orientation and can result in discrimination against the lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) population. This study serves as one of the first experimental studies to examine heteronormative perceptions in communication and their effects on practitioner-patient relationships.LGB participants were randomly assigned to read either heteronormative or non-heteronormative vignettes of a doctor-patient interaction. They then indicated how much health-relevant information they would disclose to the doctor in the vignette and their level of trust in the doctor. In the heteronormative condition, participants were less likely to disclose healthrelevant information to the doctor in the vignette and were less trustful of the doctor as compared to those in the non-heteronormative condition. These results have important health implications, as lack of disclosure and trust may prevent people from getting needed care and prevent doctors from giving the best health advice possible. The results of this study provide further evidence that there is a need for more education for all health care professionals to feel comfortable while respectfully communicating with and treating patients who do not identify as heterosexual in order to ensure the best health care experience.

show abstract

Stressors for Gay Men and Lesbians: Life Stress, Gay-Related Stress, Stigma Consciousness, and Depressive Symptoms

Cited by 399 publications

References 16 publications

Discrimination and Perceived Stress in Sexual and Gender Minorities: Self-Esteem As a Moderating Factor

Discrimination and Perceived Stress in Sexual and Gender Minorities: Self-Esteem As a Moderating Factor

Attributions to Discrimination and Self-Esteem: The Role of Group Identification and Appraisals

Heteronormativity and practitioner–patient interaction

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About