Stretch-induced growth in chicken wing muscles: nerve-muscle interaction in muscular dystrophy

Ashmore, C. R.; Lee, Y. B.; Summers, Philip; Hitchcock, L.

doi:10.1152/ajpcell.1984.246.5.c378

Cited by 65 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Muscles are stretched passively and the load is increased when the synergistic muscle is tenotomized (GoLDSPINK et al, 1983). Stretching (FRANKENY et al, 1983;ASHMORE et al, 1984) and/or increased load (CRAWFORD, 1961;GOLDBERG, 1967;HAMOSH et al, 1967;SCHIAFFINO and HANZLIKOVA, 1970;GOLDSPINK et al, 1983;JAWEED et al, 1987) cause muscle hypertrophy. The activity of electromyogram recorded from rat soleus and plantaris during walking and standing was greater 3 days after the tenotomy of gastrocnemius relative to the pre-treatment level, suggesting a compensatory increase in the utilization of soleus and plantaris (OHIRA, 1988).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of denervation and deafferentation on mass and enzyme activity in rat skeletal muscles.

Ohira

1989

Jpn.J.Physiol

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Effects of denervation and deafferentation on mass and enzyme activity of soleus and plantaris muscles were studied when the synergistic gastrocnemius was either intact or tenotomized in adult male Wistar rats. Denervation of the sciatic nerve at L4 and L5 induced a severe atrophy (approximately 50%) in both soleus and plantaris within 2 weeks. Deafferentation at L4 and L5 also caused a decrease in muscle weight for soleus and plantaris (approximately 11 and 24%, respectively). No compensatory response to the tenotomy was induced either for muscle weight or enzyme activity in both denervated and deafferentated muscles. It is suggested that the efferent information(s) through the nerve fibers has an important effect of the regulation of both muscle mass and enzyme activity. Its effect on the activities was greater in mitochondrial than cytoplasmic enzymes. The data also suggest that the afferent information(s) plays a significant role for the regulation of muscle mass, including an induction of compensatory hypertrophy, but not for enzyme activity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of denervation and deafferentation on mass and enzyme activity in rat skeletal muscles.

Ohira

1989

Jpn.J.Physiol

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“…These studies were conducted in the quail patagialis (PAT) muscle. The PAT is a twitch muscle composed primarily (ϳ85-90%) of fibers containing fast myosin (13,33,56) and it shares functional characteristics that are similar to mammalian twitch skeletal muscles (7). The PAT originates on the scapula and inserts onto the ulna, and it primarily acts as a flexor of the humeralulnar joint.…”

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confidence: 99%

Id2 expression during apoptosis and satellite cell activation in unloaded and loaded quail skeletal muscles

Alway

Martyn

Ouyang

et al. 2003

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Inhibitor of differentiation-2 (Id2) is a basic helix-loop-helix protein that acts as a negative regulator of the myogenic regulatory transcription factor family, but Id2 has also been implicated in apoptosis in several cell lines. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that Id2 has a role in both apoptosis-associated muscle atrophy and muscle hypertrophy. A weight corresponding to 12% of the body weight was attached to one wing of Japanese quail to induce hypertrophy in the patagialis (PAT) muscle. Birds in group 1 were killed after 5 (n = 8), 7 (n = 10), or 14 days (n = 10) of loading. The left wing was loaded for 14 days in group 2 birds, and then the weight was removed and the PAT was examined after 7 (n = 10), 14 (n = 10), or 21 (n = 5) days of unloading. A time-released bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) pellet was implanted subcutaneously with wing weighting to identify activated satellite cells during loading. The left wing was loaded for 14 days, unloaded for 14 days, and then the weight was reattached for a subsequent 7 (n = 10) or 14 days (n = 10) in group 3 birds. BrdU was implanted on the second loading phase in this group. Id2 mRNA as measured by kinetic PCR increased by 3.9-, 2.7-, and 1.6-fold, relative to control levels after 7, 14, and 21 days of unloading (group 2). Id2 protein as estimated by Western blots increased by 1.5-, 1.4-, and 0.75-fold after 7, 14, and 21 days of unloading (group 2). Muscle unloading induced apoptosis, because poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-(PARP)-positive nuclei increased and caspase 8 levels increased by 2.6- and 1.7-fold after 7 or 14 days of unloading, respectively (group 2). Although BrdU-positive nuclei increased during loading (groups 1 and 3), 50% failed to survive during unloading (group 2). Id2 mRNA increased by 2.2- and 1.8-fold after 5 and 7 days of loading, respectively, but decreased to control levels by 14 days of loading in group 1. Id2 protein levels increased 2.1-fold after 5 days of loading (group 1). In contrast, Id2 did not increase in reloaded muscles of group 3 birds. These data suggest that Id2 may have a role in apoptosis-associated atrophy of skeletal muscles, but its role in muscle hypertrophy is less clear.

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“…Increased activity or over-loading by removing the synergists causes a compensatory hypertrophy [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Hypertrophy is also induced by the stretching of matured muscles in vivo [12,13] and cultured myotubes and fibroblasts [14][15][16][17]. Exercise-induced metabolic adaptation of muscles is lost when exercise training is stopped [18].…”

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Neuromuscular Adaptation to Microgravity Environment.

Ohira

2000

JJP

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The pattern of muscle activity influences the morphological, metabolic, and contractile properties of skeletal muscles. For example, the metabolic capacity of muscles is affected specifically by the type of exercise training [1][2][3]. Increased activity or over-loading by removing the synergists causes a compensatory hypertrophy [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Hypertrophy is also induced by the stretching of matured muscles in vivo [12,13] and cultured myotubes and fibroblasts [14][15][16][17]. Exercise-induced metabolic adaptation of muscles is lost when exercise training is stopped [18]. Further, muscle atrophy is induced by denervation [10,19], spinal cord transection [20], joint immobilization [21][22][23], tenotomy [24,25], spaceflight [26][27][28][29], and/or hindlimb suspension [29][30][31][32]. Most of these models are generally presumed to be models of reduced neuromuscular activity. But the level of use may not be the only factor involved in the atrophic process.There is a close association in the physiological, biochemical, and morphological properties between a motoneuron and the muscle fibers it innervates [1]. Studies to support this view are those in which chronic electrical stimulation at low frequency (1-10 Hz) changes the properties of fast-twitch muscles toward those of slow-twitch muscles [33][34][35][36][37][38].Some of the characteristics of muscle fibers are also altered following cross-innervation [39][40][41][42]. Buller et al. [40] suggested that the neural influence on muscle could be due to neurotrophic effect as well as via nerve impulses. Muscular Responses to Gravitational Unloading Morphological propertiesGravitational unloading by exposure to weightlessness [26][27][28][29][43][44][45][46][47] and/or its simulation model, hindlimb suspension [29][30][31][32][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56], causes rapid atrophy in muscles, such as soleus and adductor longus, that are composed predominantly of slow fibers. The cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of both slow-and fasttwitch fibers of rats were less after 14 d of spaceflight and hindlimb suspension than those in the agematched controls [29]. But the degree of atrophy was greater in slow-than fast-twitch fibers [28,29]. Therefore, muscles composed of predominantly slow fibers are more susceptible to atrophy [26,28, 47]. The weights of fast-twitch ankle dorsi-flexors, such as the tibialis anterior (TA) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL), are also generally less after unloading than those of age-matched controls [31, 57]. But these were Japanese Journal of Physiology, 50, 303-314, 2000 Key words: atrophy, fiber-type transformation, contractile properties, neural responses, microgravity.Abstract: Morphological and/or functional characteristics of skeletal muscles have a greater adaptability in response to changes in environmental stimuli. For example, an atrophy associated with a shift of fiber characteristics toward fast-twitch type is a common adaptation of antigravity muscle to a microgravity environment. Neuromuscular responses and ...

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Stretch-induced growth in chicken wing muscles: nerve-muscle interaction in muscular dystrophy

Cited by 65 publications

References 7 publications

Effects of denervation and deafferentation on mass and enzyme activity in rat skeletal muscles.

Effects of denervation and deafferentation on mass and enzyme activity in rat skeletal muscles.

Id2 expression during apoptosis and satellite cell activation in unloaded and loaded quail skeletal muscles

Neuromuscular Adaptation to Microgravity Environment.

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