Stretch‐Shortening Cycle Fatigue and its Influence on Force and Power Production

Nicol, Caroline; Komi, Paavo V.

doi:10.1002/9780470757215.ch11

Cited by 11 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…In addition, it is very likely that part of the observed immediate post-exercise reduction in MVC and jumping performances might also have resulted from the failure of contraction itself, due to the exercise-induced muscle damage and metabolic fatigue (see Nicol and Komi 2002). Exercises involving eccentric muscle actions are known to induce morphological changes in the intracellular proteins (e.g.…”

Section: Acute Adaptation Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Acute and prolonged reduction in joint stiffness in humans after exhausting stretch-shortening cycle exercise

Kuitunen

Avela

Kyröläinen

et al. 2002

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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The purpose of the present study was to examine the acute and long-term fatigue effects of exhausting stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) exercise on the stiffness of ankle and knee joints. Five subjects were fatigued on a sledge apparatus by 100 maximal rebound jumps followed by continuous submaximal jumping until complete exhaustion. Neuromuscular fatigue effects were examined in submaximal hopping (HOP) and in maximal drop jumps (DJ) from 35 (DJ35) and 55 cm (DJ55) heights on a force plate. Additional force and reflex measurements were made using an ankle ergometer. Jumping tests and ankle ergometer tests were carried out before, immediately after, 2 h (2H), 2 days and 7 days (7D) after the SSC exercise. Kinematics, force and electromyography (EMG) recordings were complemented with inverse dynamics, which was used to calculate joint moments. The quotient of changes in joint moment divided by changes in joint angle was used as a value of joint stiffness (JS). In addition, blood lactate concentrations and serum creatine kinase activities were determined. The exercise induced a clear decrease in knee joint stiffness by [mean (SD)] 29 (13)% (P < 0.05) in HOP, 31 (6)% (P < 0.05) in DJ35 and 34 (14)% (P < 0.05) in DJ55. A similar trend was observed in the ankle joint stiffness with significant post-exercise reductions of 22 (8)% (P < 0.05) in DJ35 and of 27 (19)% (P < 0.05) at 2H in DJ55. The subsequent recovery of JS was slow and in some cases incomplete still at 7D. Generally, all the EMG parameters were fully recovered by 2H, whereas the force recovery was still incomplete at this time. These data indicate that the immediate reduction in JS was probably related to the effects of both central (neural) and peripheral (metabolic) fatigue, whereas the prolonged impairment was probably due to peripheral fatigue (muscle damage).

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Section: Acute Adaptation Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Acute and prolonged reduction in joint stiffness in humans after exhausting stretch-shortening cycle exercise

Kuitunen

Avela

Kyröläinen

et al. 2002

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…At 2D after the exhausting fatigue, the observed secondary decline in MVC torque has been suggested to be associated with the inflammatory process of muscle damage (see Nicol and Komi 2000, for a review). The delay may represent the natural time course of the inflammatory response (Evans 1991).…”

Section: D Ssc Fatigue Effectsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Exhaustive stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) exercise and eccentric fatigue exercises induce immediate and delayed secondary reductions in mechanical and reflex performance (see Nicol and Komi 2000;Proske and Morgan 2001, for reviews), supporting the bimodal recovery concept (Faulkner et al 1993;Komi 2000;MacIntyre et al 1996). It is suggested that these deteriorations are coupled with the complex metabolic, mechanical and biochemical changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Changes in the soleus muscle architecture after exhausting stretch-shortening cycle exercise in humans

et al. 2006

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This study focused on the architectural changes in the muscle-tendon complex during the immediate and secondary (delayed) reductions of performance (bimodal recovery) caused by an exhaustive rebound type stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) exercise. The isometric plantar flexor torque during maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) was measured together with recording of electromyography (EMG) and ultrasonography from the soleus muscle before (BEF), after (AFT), 2 h (2H), 2 and 8 days (2D, 8D) after the SSC exercise (n=8). The performance variables (MVC torque and EMG activation) followed the bimodal recovery patterns. This was not the case in the changes of the fascicle length and muscle thickness. The relative torque changes in MVC correlated positively (R=0.78, P=0.02) to the corresponding averaged EMG changes between BEF and 2H (BEF-->2H); the significance disappeared in the comparison between 2H and 2D (2H-->2D), during which period MVC showed a secondary reduction. The relative torque changes in MVC showed no correlation with the changes in muscle thickness between BEF-2H. However, this correlation between 2H-2D was negative (R=-0.85, P<0.01). The fascicle shortening/average EMG ratio in MVC increased at 2H, and then decreased more at 2D than 2H (P<0.05). Thus, the secondary performance decline was not related to the corresponding EMG reduction but to the increased muscle thickness, which peaked at 2D. The results suggest clearly that the secondary decline in MVC could be related to the increase in muscle volume.

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“…Firstly, activity potentiation may be due to increased c-activation increasing the sensitivity of muscle spindles. It has been recently suggested (Nicol and Komi, 2003;Regueme et al, 2005) that increased neural adjustments result from feedback gain, mediated through group III and IV muscle afferents (''vicious circle'' theory of Travell et al, 1942). These small diameter afferents associated with muscle damage are known to be sensitive to inflammation substrates (Armstrong et al, 1991) as well as to intramuscular increases in pressure and temperature (Mense and Meyer, 1988;Rotto and Kaufman, 1988).…”

Section: Biceps Brachii Emgmentioning

confidence: 98%

Adaptive changes in motor control of rhythmic movement after maximal eccentric actions

Bottas

Nicol

Komi

et al. 2009

Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology

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Stretch‐Shortening Cycle Fatigue and its Influence on Force and Power Production

Cited by 11 publications

References 143 publications

Acute and prolonged reduction in joint stiffness in humans after exhausting stretch-shortening cycle exercise

Acute and prolonged reduction in joint stiffness in humans after exhausting stretch-shortening cycle exercise

Changes in the soleus muscle architecture after exhausting stretch-shortening cycle exercise in humans

Adaptive changes in motor control of rhythmic movement after maximal eccentric actions

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