Stretch–Shortening Cycle of Muscle Function

Komi, P.V.; Nicol, C.

doi:10.1002/9780470693797.ch5

Cited by 18 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…These reflex EMG changes are in agreement with our earlier findings of prolonged decreases in both stretchand H-reflex responses (Nicol et al 1996b). The possible mechanisms involving activation of III and IV afferents are discussed elsewhere (Nicol et al 1996a(Nicol et al , 1996bAvela et al 1999;Komi and Nicol 2000a). The delayed influence of SSC fatigue on the neural activation is not, however, limited to a reflex inhibition, as four subjects of the FR subgroup showed delayed SOL EMG facilitation on days 2 and 7 (Fig.…”

Section: Delayed Fatigue Effectsmentioning

confidence: 85%

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Effects of long- and short-term fatiguing stretch-shortening cycle exercises on reflex EMG and force of the tendon-muscle complex

Nicol

Kuitunen

Kyröläinen

et al. 2003

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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This study examined the fatigue effects of stretch-shortening cycle exercises of different intensity and duration on stretch reflex EMG and mechanical responses of the triceps surae muscle. Twelve subjects performed either a 10-km run ( n=6) or short but exhaustive rebound exercise on a sledge apparatus ( n=6). Passive reflex tests (mechanically induced ankle dorsiflexions) were examined before, after as well as 2 h, 2 and 7 days after exercise. Mechanical reflex responses were recorded from the ergometer torque signal. An acute contractile failure was observed as large reductions in twitch responses, especially in the sledge subgroup who showed high post-exercise peak blood lactate and an increased EMG/torque ratio. Independently of the exercise, the delayed fatigue analysis revealed strong relationships between the reflex-induced EMG and mechanical changes. In addition to muscle damage, these results may be explained by inhibitory effects via the sensitisation of small muscle afferents particularly during the exercise-induced delayed recovery process.

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Section: Delayed Fatigue Effectsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The sledge apparatus and its use for SSC exercise is described elsewhere (e.g. Horita et al 1996;Nicol et al 1996a;Komi 1998a, 1998b;Horita et al 1999;Horita 2000;Komi and Nicol 2000a). The fatigue protocol started with a series of 100 single maximal drop jumps performed every 5 s from the individual optimal dropping height, i.e.…”

Section: Fatiguing Exercisesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of long- and short-term fatiguing stretch-shortening cycle exercises on reflex EMG and force of the tendon-muscle complex

Nicol

Kuitunen

Kyröläinen

et al. 2003

European Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…These results support the assumption of a ''contraction regimen dependency'' of neural drive regulation during fatigue. Further, they also add support to the concept of task-dependency recently developed, 3,33 which states that these afferent fibers play a key role in the neural adjustments needed to meet the functional requirements of the task. …”

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confidence: 87%

Group III and IV muscle afferent discharge patterns after repeated lengthening and shortening actions

et al. 2009

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The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that group III and IV muscle afferent activity would differ after concentric- and eccentric-type fatiguing tasks. Tibialis anterior afferent activities from adult rats were measured in three conditions: before and after a rest period (C), and after concentric (CC) or eccentric (EC) exercise. Specific activators were used to elicit increases in afferent discharge rates, i.e., electrically induced fatigue (EIF), or potassium chloride (KCl) and lactic acid (LA) injections. After the rest period (POST-condition), the control group displayed a pattern of response to stimuli similar to that obtained in baseline condition (PRE-condition). However, responses were significantly different in the exercise groups: afferent responses were blunted in the CC group and were almost suppressed in the EC group. These results demonstrate that the type of muscular contraction involved in the fatiguing task can affect group III and IV afferent fiber activity differently and, potentially, can differentially affect the regulation of central motor command.

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“…In this line, exhaustive stretch-shortening cycle exercises, that include eccentric muscle actions, have been reported to lead to significant reductions in both passive and active stretch-reflex amplitude that may last for several days (Nicol et al 1996;Avela et al 1999). The possibility of damaged intrafusal fibres has been suggested (Komi and Nicol 1998) to partly explain this disfacilitation. In addition, fatiguing eccentric exercise may result in 20-40% increase in the passive muscle tension (Whitehead et al 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Repeated maximal eccentric actions causes long-lasting disturbances in movement control

et al. 2004

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This study examined acute and long-lasting effects of fatigue and muscle damage on fast and accurate elbow flexion and extension target movements (TM) with eight male students. An isokinetic machine was used to perform 100 maximal eccentric and concentric elbow flexions at 4-week intervals. Movement range was 40-170 degrees in eccentric exercise (ECCE) and 170-40 degrees in concentric exercise (CONE), with an angular velocity of 2 rad s(-1). TM was performed in sitting position with the right forearm fixed to lever arm above protractor. Subjects performed TM in horizontal plane (amplitude 60 degrees ) by visual feedback of movement from a television monitor. Surface EMG was recorded from the biceps brachii and triceps brachii muscles. TM measurements and serum creatine kinase (CK) determinations were conducted before, after, 0.5 h, 2 days, and 7 days after both exercises. Blood lactate was taken before, after, and 0.5 h after the exercises. Both ECCE and CONE led to a large decline in maximal voluntary contractions, but the recovery was slower after ECCE when it remained incomplete even until day 7 post-exercise. Lactate increased (P < 0.001) similarly after both exercises. Delayed-onset muscle soreness peaked on day 2 and CK peaked on day 7 after ECCE. Exhaustive eccentric exercise of agonistic muscles impaired the flexion TM performance, and had a long-duration modulation effect on the triphasic EMG activity pattern of flexion and extension TM. In the acute phase, the observed changes in performance and in the EMG patterns are suggested to be related to metabolic changes via III and IV muscle afferents. The delayed recovery, on the other hand, may be related to problems in the proprioceptive feedback caused by muscle damage.

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Stretch–Shortening Cycle of Muscle Function

Cited by 18 publications

References 52 publications

Effects of long- and short-term fatiguing stretch-shortening cycle exercises on reflex EMG and force of the tendon-muscle complex

Effects of long- and short-term fatiguing stretch-shortening cycle exercises on reflex EMG and force of the tendon-muscle complex

Group III and IV muscle afferent discharge patterns after repeated lengthening and shortening actions

Repeated maximal eccentric actions causes long-lasting disturbances in movement control

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