Stretchable Hexagonal Diffraction Gratings as Optical Diffusers for In Situ Tunable Broadband Photon Management

Mahpeykar, Seyed Milad; Xiong, Qiuyang; Wei, Jingyan; Meng, Lingju; Russell, Brandon; Hermansen, Peter; Singhal, Anupam; Wang, Xihua

doi:10.1002/adom.201600122

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…When subject to 50% strain, the normal transmittance of the film becomes as low as ≈15.5%. Other studies have reported that there is almost no normal transmittance change for a bare PDMS film under various tensile strains . After strain release, the normal transmittance spectra (average at 90%) almost reverts to that of the initial UVO‐treated PDMS film with almost no transmittance loss, because the film surface returns to the initial smooth state as demonstrated in Figure c.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Micro‐ and nanostructured soft surfaces offer a new strategy to dynamically tune optical properties by changing the surface topography without affecting the bulk properties . Recently, surface wrinkling has become a very cost‐effective, facile technology to reversibly control the surface topography, which inspired a wide range of applications such as thin‐film properties measurement, tunable adhesion and wettability, stretchable electronics, and optical materials/devices .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Harnessing Surface Wrinkling–Cracking Patterns for Tunable Optical Transmittance

Zhai

Wang

et al. 2017

Advanced Optical Materials

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to prepare, and some of them are chemically unstable during optical switching. [11] Furthermore, the assembly of these smart windows often suffers from complicated processes, high cost, and low efficiency. [1,3] Therefore, a convenient, cheap, and highly effective method is desirable for the fabrication of large-area smart windows with advanced functional features, such as large transmittance modulation, fast response time, and chemical stability suitable for long-term use without deteriorating optical performance.Micro-and nanostructured soft surfaces offer a new strategy to dynamically tune optical properties by changing the surface topography without affecting the bulk properties. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Recently, surface wrinkling [20][21][22] has become a very cost-effective, facile technology to reversibly control the surface topography, which inspired a wide range of applications such as thinfilm properties measurement, [23] tunable adhesion and wettability, [24] stretchable electronics, [25][26][27][28] and optical materials/ devices. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Some more recently studies have demonstrated that surface wrinkling can also be used to prepare large-area smart windows capable of controlling the light transmittance by means of micro-and nanopillar arrays on wrinkled elastomers, [12,13] crumpling of metallic nanofilms, [14] graphene films, [15] and graphene oxide films [16] on elastomeric substrates and silica nanoparticle-embedded elastomer composite. [17] It should be made clear that the light transmittance change mentioned in these studies is actually normal transmittance change, which was usually achieved by scattering the light rather than absorbing the light. Despite the clear advantages in material fabrication and stability, these methods still suffer from complicated fabrication processes, high cost, small transmittance modulation range, or potential material degradation. For example, smart windows achieved by micro-and nanopillar arrays on wrinkled elastomers [12,13] usually require multistep fabrication processes including template preparation, replica modeling, and surface wrinkling. Furthermore, these pillar arrays cannot be completely eliminated during the mechanical actuation which limits the achievable transmittance modulation range. For thin film/elastomer systems, [14][15][16] extremely large and more complicated biaxial prestrains (e.g., 400% for graphene oxide film/silicone rubber system [16] ) are usually required to realize very large surface topography change to enable large optical transmittance tuning. And also, the thin film materials are Optical devices with tunable specular optical transmittance have recently attracted great interest due to their wide range of applications. However, the reported methods of realizing tunable optical transmittance suffer from complex fabrication processes, high cost, unstable materials, or low tuning range. In this study, a simple, cheap, and highly effective approach to achieve large tuning range of optical transm...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing Surface Wrinkling–Cracking Patterns for Tunable Optical Transmittance

Zhai

Wang

et al. 2017

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…S11 ). To demonstrate the selective interaction between fingers and IR gratings, first we used the finite–difference time–domain approach ( 47 ) to simulate the θ in range of three different gratings ( Gt , Gi , and Gm ) in Fig. 4 A for first-order diffraction at θ d (φ = 270°, θ = 10°) ( SI Appendix , section 7 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human hand as a powerless and multiplexed infrared light source for information decryption and complex signal generation

Shang

Jiang

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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With the increasing pursuit of intelligent systems, the integration of human components into functional systems provides a promising route to the ultimate human-compatible intelligent systems. In this work, we explored the integration of the human hand as the powerless and multiplexed infrared (IR) light source in different functional systems. With the spontaneous IR radiation, the human hand provides a different option as an IR light source. Compared to engineered IR light sources, the human hand brings sustainability with no need of external power and also additional level of controllability to the functional systems. Besides the whole hand, each finger of the hand can also independently provide IR radiation, and the IR radiation from each finger can be selectively diffracted by specific gratings, which helps the hand serve as a multiplexed IR light source. Considering these advantages, we show that the human hand can be integrated into various engineered functional systems. The integration of hand in an encryption/decryption system enables both unclonable and multilevel information encryption/decryption. We also demonstrate the use of the hand in complex signal generation systems and its potential application in sign language recognition, which shows a simplified recognition process with a high level of accuracy and robustness. The use of the human hand as the IR light source provides an alternative sustainable solution that will not only reduce the power used but also help move forward the effort in the integration of human components into functional systems to increase the level of intelligence and achieve ultimate control of these systems.

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“…For example, they cannot operate in car headlights, general lighting retrofit bulbsor or flashlights. [25] One of the most common applications of optical diffusers is the backlighting system of the LCDs. [24] Therefore, tailoring broadband directive emission profile for WOLEDs by wavefronts shaping technology is extremely appealing and scientifically curious for aforementioned specific applications.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[25] One of the most common applications of optical diffusers is the backlighting system of the LCDs. [25] One of the most common applications of optical diffusers is the backlighting system of the LCDs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Broadband Wavefronts Shaping via Chaotic Speckle Image Holography Carrier Fringes

Zhou

Zhu

Zhou

et al. 2016

Advanced Optical Materials

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nanostructured interferogram holography metasurfaces, which is among the various metasurfaces, can govern light in its propagation by surface waves or freespace waves and generate desired arbitrary optical images, [5,6] leading to various applications such as multilevel optical switching, [7] beam shaping, [8] plasmonic lens, [9] optical vortex beams detector, [10] laser tweezers, [11] data storage, [12] 3D holographic displays, [13,14] and high polarization conversion efficiency. [15] Therefore, these new types of holography metasurfaces have offered attractive functionalities for developing new types of optoelectronic devices. However, the holography metasurfaces are constrained by sophisticated design and fabrication procedures and are less compatible with dynamic functionalities as well as unequal across the electromagnetic spectrum. [16] Consequently, the creation of new optical holography metasurfaces that can be adjusted at will and integrated into optoelectronic systems would help to bridge the chasm between our macroscopic world and application based on this fascinating emerging field of microscopic systems.Nowadays, interest in the application of white organic lightemitting diodes (WOLEDs) for solid-state lighting and flat-panel display backlightings has been steadily increasing. [17][18][19] The maximum scientific reported power efficiency (PE) of WOLEDs has exceeded 100 lm W −1 beyond fluorescent tude efficiency for both rigid and flexible devices. [20][21][22] However, it is difficult for WOLEDs to compete in fields where concentrated or collimated ultrahigh luminous flux is needed. For example, they cannot operate in car headlights, general lighting retrofit bulbsor or flashlights. [23] Additionally, the intrinsically large-area light emitting characteristic limits the effectiveness of them in the luminance enhancment of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) as backlighting sources. [24] Therefore, tailoring broadband directive emission profile for WOLEDs by wavefronts shaping technology is extremely appealing and scientifically curious for aforementioned specific applications.Similarly, wavefronts shaping has also been attractive research direction for optical diffusers, which are widely used in the optical industry for distributing or spreading the light intensity. [25] One of the most common applications of optical diffusers is the backlighting system of the LCDs. Nevertheless, an additional prism sheet is usually added to limit the scattering angle of the light beams due to the poor light steeringThe advent of holography metasurfaces unlocks a plethora of exciting opportunities for rapid progress at the frontiers of various branches of science and engineering. However, the holography metasurfaces are constrained by sophisticated design and fabrication procedures and are less compatible with dynamic functionalities as well as unequal across the electromagnetic spectrum. Here, a new approach is proposed to fabricate speckle image holography metasurfaces with chaotic carrier fringes for broadband photon m...

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Stretchable Hexagonal Diffraction Gratings as Optical Diffusers for In Situ Tunable Broadband Photon Management

Cited by 40 publications

References 47 publications

Harnessing Surface Wrinkling–Cracking Patterns for Tunable Optical Transmittance

Harnessing Surface Wrinkling–Cracking Patterns for Tunable Optical Transmittance

Human hand as a powerless and multiplexed infrared light source for information decryption and complex signal generation

Tunable Broadband Wavefronts Shaping via Chaotic Speckle Image Holography Carrier Fringes

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