Stretchable magnesium–air battery based on dual ions conducting hydrogel for intelligent biomedical applications

Abstract

Flexible and bio‐integrated electronics have attracted great attention due to their enormous contributions to personalized medical devices. Power sources, serving as one of the most important components, have been suffering from many problems, including deficient biocompatibility, poor stretchability, and unstable electrical outputs under deformed conditions, which limits the practical applications in flexible and bio‐integrated electronics. Here, we reported a fully stretchable magnesium (Mg)–air battery based on dual‐ions‐conducting hydrogels (SDICH). The high‐performance battery enables long‐term operation with lighting 120 lighting emitting diodes (LEDs) for over 5 h. Benefiting from the advanced materials and mechanical designs, the battery exhibits stability electrical outputs under stretching, which allows to operate ordinarily under various mechanical deformations without performance decay. Furthermore, the great biocompatibility of the battery offers great opportunity for biomedical applications, which is demonstrated by a self‐adaption wound dressing system. The in vitro and in vivo results prove that the self‐adaption wound dressing can effectively prevent wound inflammation and promote wound healing. By exploiting thermal feedback mechanics, the system can adjust antibiotic release rate and dosage spontaneously according to the real‐time wound conditions. The proposed fully stretchable Mg–air battery and self‐adaption wound dressing display great potential in skin‐integrated electronics and personalized medicine.

Tissue‐Matchable and Implantable Batteries Toward Biomedical Applications

“…Reproduced with permission. [ 99 ] Copyright 2022, Wiley‐VCH. c) Preparation processes of all‐hydrogel battery based on both hydrogel electrodes and electrolyte.…”

“…b) Schematic illustration of a flexible and stretchable thin-film magnesium-air battery with Mg foil and graphene/nickel foam as electrodes. Reproduced with permission [99]. Copyright 2022, Wiley-VCH.…”

Recent Advances in Wearable Aqueous Metal‐Air Batteries: From Configuration Design to Materials Fabrication

“…Owing to their high power density, flexibility, safety, and low/non‐toxicity, wearable aqueous metal‐air batteries exhibit the promising potential to function as efficient power sources not only in vitro (direct contact to skin) but also in vivo. [ 22,58–61 ] Particularly, wearable aqueous Mg‐air batteries have been considered the most suitable candidates for implantable power sources, due to their good biocompatibility. Huang et al.…”

“…Owing to their high power density, flexibility, safety, and low/non-toxicity, wearable aqueous metal-air batteries exhibit the promising potential to function as efficient power sources not only in vitro (direct contact to skin) but also in vivo. [22,[58][59][60][61] Particularly, wearable aqueous Mg-air batteries have been considered the most suitable candidates for implantable power sources, due to their good biocompatibility. Huang et al [59] reported that the optimized wearable aqueous Mg-air battery with a high open-circuit voltage of 1.44 V and a peak power density of 5.6 mW cm −2 exhibits stable electrical outputs in vitro and vivo tests, offering a great opportunity for biomedical applications.…”

“…[22,[58][59][60][61] Particularly, wearable aqueous Mg-air batteries have been considered the most suitable candidates for implantable power sources, due to their good biocompatibility. Huang et al [59] reported that the optimized wearable aqueous Mg-air battery with a high open-circuit voltage of 1.44 V and a peak power density of 5.6 mW cm −2 exhibits stable electrical outputs in vitro and vivo tests, offering a great opportunity for biomedical applications. It is worth noting that the research on wearable aqueous metal-air batteries for implantable devices is still relatively limited compared to the application in the field of wearable electronics.…”