Striatal Dopamine Transporter Availability Is Not Associated with Food Craving in Lean and Obese Humans; a Molecular Imaging Study

Son, Jamie van; Galen, Katy A. van; Bruijn, Anne Marijn; Koopman, Karin E.; Versteeg, Ruth I.; Fleur, Susanne E. la; Serlie, Mireille J.; Booij, Jan

doi:10.3390/brainsci11111428

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…Another study with rodent models of DIO 53 showed decreased striatal DD2R availability and greater extracellular dopamine in obesity-prone (OP) compared with obesity-resistant (OR) rats 53 . While this study also showed lower expression of the presynaptic dopamine transporter (DAT) in OPs 53 , there seems to be no reliable association between DAT availability and obesity in clinical studies 54 – 56 .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Striatal dopamine D2-like receptors availability in obesity and its modulation by bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ribeiro

Maia

Cotovio

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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There is significant evidence linking a ‘reward deficiency syndrome’ (RDS), comprising decreased availability of striatal dopamine D2-like receptors (DD2lR) and addiction-like behaviors underlying substance use disorders and obesity. Regarding obesity, a systematic review of the literature with a meta-analysis of such data is lacking. Following a systematic review of the literature, we performed random-effects meta-analyses to determine group differences in case–control studies comparing DD2lR between individuals with obesity and non-obese controls and prospective studies of pre- to post-bariatric surgery DD2lR changes. Cohen's d was used to measure effect size. Additionally, we explored factors potentially associated with group differences in DD2lR availability, such as obesity severity, using univariate meta-regression. In a meta-analysis including positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies, striatal DD2lR availability did not significantly differ between obesity and controls. However, in studies comprising patients with class III obesity or higher, group differences were significant, favoring lower DD2lR availability in the obesity group. This effect of obesity severity was corroborated by meta-regressions showing inverse associations between the body mass index (BMI) of the obesity group and DD2lR availability. Post-bariatric changes in DD2lR availability were not found, although a limited number of studies were included in this meta-analysis. These results support lower DD2lR in higher classes of obesity which is a more targeted population to explore unanswered questions regarding the RDS.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

Striatal dopamine D2-like receptors availability in obesity and its modulation by bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ribeiro

Maia

Cotovio

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…In contrast, Versteeg et al 134 found no effect of meal timing on insulin sensitivity. On the other hand, significant meal time‐dependent changes were found in the brain dopamine and serotonin system 135 …”

Section: Circadian Desynchrony Disturbs Glucose Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian desynchrony and glucose metabolism

Speksnijder,

Bisschop,

Siegelaar

et al. 2024

Journal of Pineal Research

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The circadian timing system controls glucose metabolism in a time‐of‐day dependent manner. In mammals, the circadian timing system consists of the main central clock in the bilateral suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus and subordinate clocks in peripheral tissues. The oscillations produced by these different clocks with a period of approximately 24‐h are generated by the transcriptional‐translational feedback loops of a set of core clock genes. Glucose homeostasis is one of the daily rhythms controlled by this circadian timing system. The central pacemaker in the SCN controls glucose homeostasis through its neural projections to hypothalamic hubs that are in control of feeding behavior and energy metabolism. Using hormones such as adrenal glucocorticoids and melatonin and the autonomic nervous system, the SCN modulates critical processes such as glucose production and insulin sensitivity. Peripheral clocks in tissues, such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue serve to enhance and sustain these SCN signals. In the optimal situation all these clocks are synchronized and aligned with behavior and the environmental light/dark cycle. A negative impact on glucose metabolism becomes apparent when the internal timing system becomes disturbed, also known as circadian desynchrony or circadian misalignment. Circadian desynchrony may occur at several levels, as the mistiming of light exposure or sleep will especially affect the central clock, whereas mistiming of food intake or physical activity will especially involve the peripheral clocks. In this review, we will summarize the literature investigating the impact of circadian desynchrony on glucose metabolism and how it may result in the development of insulin resistance. In addition, we will discuss potential strategies aimed at reinstating circadian synchrony to improve insulin sensitivity and contribute to the prevention of type 2 diabetes.

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“…Although the exact underlying mechanisms of the alterations in appetite and eating behaviour in obesity remain unclear, increasing evidence points towards alterations in the signaling pathways mediating food reward (3)(4)(5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The circulating and central endocannabinoid system in obesity and weight loss

Mattelaer,

Van der Schueren,

Van Oudenhove

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Introduction: In the past decade major advances have been made in the treatment of obesity, focused on restoring disturbances along the gut-brain axis. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a neuromodulatory signaling system, present along the entire gut-brain axis, that plays a critical role in the central and peripheral regulation of food intake and body weight. It is a promising treatment target for obesity, as several components of the ECS have been linked to body weight or food intake in humans. Evidence on the impact of weight loss on the ECS is more limited. Therefore, we set out to review the existing evidence for changes in central and circulating endocannabinoid levels after bariatric surgery and other weight loss strategies in humans. Methods: The PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant articles.Results: 56 human studies were identified that measured the circulating or central ECS in obesity or after a weight loss intervention. Most studies measuring circulating 2-AG found no difference between normal weight and obesity, or no correlation with BMI. In contrast, studies measuring circulating AEA in obesity found an increase or positive correlation with BMI. Two studies found a negative correlation between BMI and CB1 receptor availability in the brain. Only one study investigated the effect of pharmacological weight management on circulating endocannabinoid concentrations and found no effect on AEA concentrations. So far, six studies investigated potential changes in circulating endocannabinoids after bariatric surgery and reported conflicting results.Conclusion: The available evidence does not univocally support that circulating endocannabinoids are upregulated in people with obesity. There is a lack of studies investigating the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in weight loss. In addition, we identified several research needs which should be fulfilled to better understand the role of the ECS in obesity and its treatments.

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Striatal Dopamine Transporter Availability Is Not Associated with Food Craving in Lean and Obese Humans; a Molecular Imaging Study

Cited by 5 publications

References 58 publications

Striatal dopamine D2-like receptors availability in obesity and its modulation by bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Striatal dopamine D2-like receptors availability in obesity and its modulation by bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Circadian desynchrony and glucose metabolism

The circulating and central endocannabinoid system in obesity and weight loss

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