Striatal dopaminergic function in restless legs syndrome

Turjanski, N; Lees, Andrew J.; Brooks, David J.

doi:10.1212/wnl.52.5.932

Cited by 400 publications

(231 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…18 F-or 11 C-labeled L-dopa is an analog of L-dopa, and this positron-emitting compound is used clinically to trace the dopaminergic pathway and to evaluate presynaptic function. Uptake of L-dopa labeled with a positron-emitting radionuclide refl ects the synthesis rate of DA in the terminals, under the conditions of PET [32,33] . Studies with PET and radionuclidelabeled L-dopa and their main fi ndings are summarized in [34,35] .…”

Section: Pet Studies Of Presynaptic Da Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain dopaminergic system changes in drug addiction: a review of positron emission tomography findings

et al. 2014

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Dopamine (DA) is considered crucial for the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse, but its role in addiction remains unclear. Positron emission tomography (PET) is the fi rst technology used for in vivo measurement of components of the dopaminergic system in the human brain. In this article, we review the major fi ndings from PET imaging studies on the involvement of DA in drug addiction, including presynaptic DA synthesis, vesicular monoamine transporter 2, the DA transporter, and postsynaptic DA receptors. These results have corroborated the role of DA in addiction and increased the understanding of its underlying mechanisms.Keywords: dopamine; dopaminergic system; drug addiction; positron emission tomography ·Review· Brain Dopaminergic System Dopamine (DA) is a catecholamine neurotransmitter in the nervous system. It has many functions in the brain, including punishment, reward, voluntary movement, mood, attention, motivation, sleep, working memory, and learning [1] .DA is synthesized by the hydroxylation and decarboxylation of L-tyrosine in DA neurons and, before being released into the synapse in response to an action potential, it is stored within presynaptic vesicles (Fig. 1). The action of DA occurs by binding to postsynaptic DA receptors, resulting in the formation of second messengers. There are fi ve subtypes of DA receptors, which can be grouped into two classes or families: D1-like and D-2 like [1,2] . The D1-like receptor family comprises the D1 and D5 receptors, encoded by genes with no introns, acting by way of Gs-proteins and activating adenylyl cyclase, thus increasing cAMP production [3,4] .The D2-like receptor family comprises the D2, D3, and D4 receptors, encoded by genes containing introns. D2-like receptors act via Gi-proteins, inhibit adenylyl cyclase activity, and thus decrease cAMP activity [3,5] .The action of DA in the synapse is terminated primarily by reuptake to the presynaptic membrane through the dopamine transporter (DAT) [6] . Otherwise, DA is partially removed by oxidation by monoamine oxidase orcatechol-O-methyltransferase in the synaptic cleft (Fig. 1).T h e d o p a m i n e r g i c n e u r o n s , w h o s e p r i m a r y neurotransmitter is DA, interconnect many areas of the brain to form a system which originates in the substantia nigra (SN) pars compacta, ventral tegmental area (VTA), and hypothalamus. The dopaminergic system is typically divided into four major pathways: mesocortical (from the VTA to the frontal cortex), mesolimbic (from the VTA to the nucleus accumbens), nigrostriatal (from the SN to the striatum), and tuberoinfundibular (from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland). The mesostriatal and mesocortical pathways are currently recognized to contribute most to drug addiction [7] . Neurosci Bull October 1, 2014, 30(5): 765-776 766 Drug AddictionThe term addiction is derived from the Latin verb addicere, which referred to the Roman court action of binding a person to another. From the 17th century, addiction has been used to refer to psychoactive substances (...

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Section: Pet Studies Of Presynaptic Da Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain dopaminergic system changes in drug addiction: a review of positron emission tomography findings

et al. 2014

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“…Finally, the co-occurrence of these syndromes in this family suggests that there might be a pathophysiological relationship between RLS, chronic motor tic disorder and MA. Some similar clinical characteristics of RLS and motor tic disorder, in particular the urge to move which precedes it and the subsequent alleviation by motor activity, indicate an implication of the basal ganglia and the limbic network in the pathophysiology of the two disorders [7,8]. Moreover, Barbanti et al [9] concluded that the high prevalence of migraine in TS might be linked to a dysfunction of the extrapyramidal system.…”

Section: Sirsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Association of restless legs syndrome, chronic motor tic disorder and migraine with aura: a case of a single family

Tartarotti

Kallweit

2010

J Neurol

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“…Striatal uptake of the [ 18 F] dopa or [ 11 C] L-dopa reflects the synthesis rate of DA in the terminals (Turjanski et al, 1999;Heinz et al, 2005). It has been showed that a decrease in dopaminergic presynaptic activity during abstinence or withdrawal is related to relapse in cocaine-dependent subjects (Dackis and Gold, 1985;Markou and Koob, 1991).…”

Section: Assessment Of Presynaptic Da Synthesis and Dat Of The Dopamimentioning

confidence: 99%

Positron Emission Tomography Molecular Imaging of Dopaminergic System in Drug Addiction

Hou¹,

Tian²,

Zhang³

2012

The Anatomical Record

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Dopamine (DA) is involved in drug reinforcement, but its role in drug addiction remains unclear. Positron emission tomography (PET) is the first technology used for the direct measurement of components of the dopaminergic system in the living human brain. In this article, we reviewed the major findings of PET imaging studies on the involvement of DA in drug addiction, especially in heroin addiction. Furthermore, we summarized PET radiotracers that have been used to study the role of DA in drug addiction. To investigate presynaptic function in drug addiction, PET tracers have been developed to measure DA synthesis and transport. For the investigation of postsynaptic function, several radioligands targeting dopamine one (D1) receptor and dopamine two (D2) receptor are extensively used in PET imaging studies. Moreover, we also summarized the PET imaging findings of heroin addiction studies, including heroin-induced DA increases and the reinforcement, role of DA in the long-term effects of heroin abuse, DA and vulnerability to heroin abuse and the treatment implications. PET imaging studies have corroborated the role of DA in drug addiction and increase our understanding the mechanism of drug addiction. Anat Rec, 295:722-733, 2012. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Key words: positron emission tomography; dopamine; dopamine receptor; drug addiction; heroin BRAIN DOPAMINERGIC SYSTEM Dopamine (DA) is a catecholamine neurotransmitter in the nervous system that permits individual nerve fibers (neurons) to communicate with each other. DA has many functions in the brain, including important roles in behavior and cognition, voluntary movement, motivation, punishment and reward, sleep, mood, attention, working memory, and learning (Smythies, 2005).

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Striatal dopaminergic function in restless legs syndrome

Abstract: These PET findings support the hypothesis of central dopaminergic dysfunction in RLS.

Cited by 400 publications

References 33 publications

Brain dopaminergic system changes in drug addiction: a review of positron emission tomography findings

Brain dopaminergic system changes in drug addiction: a review of positron emission tomography findings

Association of restless legs syndrome, chronic motor tic disorder and migraine with aura: a case of a single family

Positron Emission Tomography Molecular Imaging of Dopaminergic System in Drug Addiction

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