Striated muscles and scent glands associated with the vaginal tract of the rabbit

Abstract

Background: Despite the importance of the rabbit (Orycto-lagus cuniculus) in reproductive research, no comprehensive account of the anatomical organization of the female reproductive tract is presently available. Methods: Based on gross dissection and on the electrical stimulation of striated muscles in 10 domestic female rabbits, it was the aim of this study to help fill this gap by describing the origin, insertion, and general action of muscles associated with the vaginal tract and with associated scent glands. Results: Compared with the better-studied rat or cat, the long vaginal tract of the rabbit is characterized by a well-developed and complex musculature. The bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, constrictor ves-tibuli, and constrictor vulvae muscles, poorly developed or absent in the female rat or cat, were particularly conspicuous. Scent glands, including the newly identified preputial glands, were also a distinctive feature. Conclusion: These structures may represent specializations underlying the rapid copulation, rapid parturition, and well-developed chemical communication characteristic of the reproductive efficiency of the rabbit.