Striated Tire Yaw Marks—Modeling and Validation

Abstract

Tire yaw marks deposited on the road surface carry a lot of information of paramount importance for the analysis of vehicle accidents. They can be used: (a) in a macro-scale for establishing the vehicle’s positions and orientation as well as an estimation of the vehicle’s speed at the start of yawing; (b) in a micro-scale for inferring among others things the braking or acceleration status of the wheels from the topology of the striations forming the mark. A mathematical model of how the striations will appear has been developed. The model is universal, i.e., it applies to a tire moving along any trajectory with variable curvature, and it takes into account the forces and torques which are calculated by solving a system of non-linear equations of vehicle dynamics. It was validated in the program developed by the author, in which the vehicle is represented by a 36 degree of freedom multi-body system with the TMeasy tire model. The mark-creating model shows good compliance with experimental data. It gives a deep view of the nature of striated yaw marks’ formation and can be applied in any program for the simulation of vehicle dynamics with any level of simplification.

Vehicle and Traffic Safety

“…Several papers were devoted to issues related to the operation and safety of electric vehicles [10,19,29] and autonomous vehicles [2,8,9,13,16,18]. Several studies referred to selected problems in the reconstruction of road accidents [5,22,28]. A separate group of papers analyzed selected aspects of road infrastructure and traffic control [3,6,23,24].…”