Stringency of government responses to COVID-19 and initial results: A comparison between five European countries and Turkey

Kaçak, Hakan; Yıldız, Mustafa Said

doi:10.5505/turkhijyen.2020.60487

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In some studies, the relationship between the stringency of government interventions and case numbers were compared using only the stringency index; these include studies on the following geographical areas: Southeast Asia. (Lee et al, 2020); Italy, Spain, France, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Turkey (Kaçak & Yıldız, 2020); South Asia (Yadav & Igbal, 2021); and East Asia (Chen et al 2021). However, the present study analyses the scores of four indices across selected countries and provides a comparative overview of the situations in Turkey and the East, South and Southeast Asian regions.…”

Section: A Comparison Of Stringency Levels In Responses To the Pandem...mentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The last index by OxCGRT examined in this study is the stringency index, which has been prepared across a standardized series of ordinal, numeric, and textual indicators and transforms these indicators into a composite index (Hale et al, 2020). Indicators of the stringency index include measures such as lockdowns, school closings, workplace closings, public transportation closings, stay at home requirements, international travel bans, public event cancellations, gathering restrictions, and domestic travel limitations (Kaçak & Yıldız, 2020). According to Figure 3, indices by country generally fluctuate between 60 and 70 points, and the average index for all countries combined is 61.…”

Section: A Comparison Of Stringency Levels In Responses To the Pandem...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Turkey's Budgetary Responses to the Pandemic and Comparison of the Stringency Level of Interventions in Turkey and Countries in East, South, and Southeast Asia

Göksu

2021

International Journal of Public Finance

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study analyses strategies for responding to COVID-19 via considerations of the Turkish state budget, the effects of the pandemic, and projections of macroeconomic and fiscal indicators. Additionally, the stringency level of Turkey's interventions in the pandemic is examined by comparing the responses of countries in East, South, and Southeast Asia. The aims of the study are to analyse Turkey's fiscal responses to COVID-19 and to assess the first-year realization results and future estimates of all selected countries in terms of economic and fiscal. Another objective is to compare the level of rigour of the Turkish government's interventions with that of selected Asian countries using various indices calculated by the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT). Data belonging to macroeconomic and fiscal indicators of Turkey were examined from 2019 to 2023 using proportional analysis, and countries' response indices were calculated by daily averaging data from OxCGRT between March 11, 2020, and February 28, 2021. The study includes comparative results based on the relationship between fiscal responses and the rigour level of interventions. The originality is the first study that comprehensively examines Turkey's responses to the COVID-19 and its effects on state budgeting in the short and medium-terms. It is reported that the Turkish government has taken decisive actions in the face of the pandemic when compared to Asian countries, but response costs have driven significant increases in the planned levels of budget and borrowing.

show abstract

Section: A Comparison Of Stringency Levels In Responses To the Pandem...mentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: A Comparison Of Stringency Levels In Responses To the Pandem...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Turkey's Budgetary Responses to the Pandemic and Comparison of the Stringency Level of Interventions in Turkey and Countries in East, South, and Southeast Asia

Göksu

2021

International Journal of Public Finance

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In Pakistan, a city that implemented complete school closures for 10 days saw a greater decline in incidence for the overall city population compared with a city that partially closed schools [217]. In the remaining 18 studies [22,27,36,45,49,50,[221][222][223][224][225][226][227][228][229][230][231][232], the effects of school closures were estimated alongside other interventions, making it challenging to isolate the individual effect of school closure strategies.…”

Section: (B) School Measures and Closuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of social distancing measures and lockdowns for reducing transmission of COVID-19 in non-healthcare, community-based settings

Murphy,

Lim,

Mills

et al. 2023

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Social distancing measures (SDMs) are community-level interventions that aim to reduce person-to-person contacts in the community. SDMs were a major part of the responses first to contain, then to mitigate, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the community. Common SDMs included limiting the size of gatherings, closing schools and/or workplaces, implementing work-from-home arrangements, or more stringent restrictions such as lockdowns. This systematic review summarized the evidence for the effectiveness of nine SDMs. Almost all of the studies included were observational in nature, which meant that there were intrinsic risks of bias that could have been avoided were conditions randomly assigned to study participants. There were no instances where only one form of SDM had been in place in a particular setting during the study period, making it challenging to estimate the separate effect of each intervention. The more stringent SDMs such as stay-at-home orders, restrictions on mass gatherings and closures were estimated to be most effective at reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Most studies included in this review suggested that combinations of SDMs successfully slowed or even stopped SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the community. However, individual effects and optimal combinations of interventions, as well as the optimal timing for particular measures, require further investigation. This article is part of the theme issue 'The effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions on the COVID-19 pandemic: the evidence'.

show abstract

“…The Government Response Stringency Index (GRSI), is a measure used to quantify the government's measures put in place to deal with COVID-19 (Kaçak & Yildiz, 2020). According to the Coronavirus Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT), published by the Blavatnik School of Government at the University of Oxford, the stringency index is a composite measure based on nine response indicators.…”

Section: Governments' Stringency Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Covid-19 on Taiwan’s International Trade: An Application of Difference in Difference Analysis

Wang¹,

Chung²

2022

IJRCMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has unexpectedly changed the usual shape of the world routine. Precisely, its spread has had an enormous impact on the businesses and economies of countries across the globe. To curb the further spread of the virus, countries across the globe imposed an array of nonpharmaceutical measures such as lockdowns, travel restrictions, social distancing, mandatory maskwearing, hand sanitizing, curfews, hygiene, public health emergency concern, school closures, and many more. While anecdotal evidence indicates that these government stringency measures worsened the impact of COVID-19 on international trade, this study attempted to systematically explore this phenomenon by employing the Difference in Differences (DID) technique to assess the impact of COVID-19 on Taiwan's net export using secondary data. To estimate the unobserved counterfactual level of Taiwan’s net exports had the country imposed stringent COVID-19 measures, we employed five other Asian trading partners (all of which imposed lockdowns in 2020) to constitute the pool of treatment units. The study used data collected from the Our World in Data website for the period from dating January 2018 to June 2021. Stata 15 was used to analyze the data. By and large, the DID model results established that Taiwan’s net exports significantly increased during the time that it did not implement stringent COVID-19 measures relative to the unobserved counterfactual scenario for those countries which adopted such stringent measures. More crucially, our baseline results remain robust to other sensitivity test, vindicating our identification strategy.

show abstract

Stringency of government responses to COVID-19 and initial results: A comparison between five European countries and Turkey

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Turkey's Budgetary Responses to the Pandemic and Comparison of the Stringency Level of Interventions in Turkey and Countries in East, South, and Southeast Asia

Turkey's Budgetary Responses to the Pandemic and Comparison of the Stringency Level of Interventions in Turkey and Countries in East, South, and Southeast Asia

Effectiveness of social distancing measures and lockdowns for reducing transmission of COVID-19 in non-healthcare, community-based settings

The Impact of Covid-19 on Taiwan’s International Trade: An Application of Difference in Difference Analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About