Stroboscopic Visual Training for Coaching Practitioners: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Carrolla, Will; Fullerb, Sara; Lawrenceb, Jeanne-Marie; Osborne, Sam; Stallcup, Ryan; Burch, Reuben F.; Freemand, Charles; Chandere, Harish; Strawderman, Lesley; Cranef, Collin; Youngerg, Tyler; Duvallh, Aaron; Mockh, Stephanie; Petwayi, Adam; Burgosj, Bill; Pirolik, Anthony

doi:10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.9n.4p.49

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Our findings add further support to the suggestions ( Carroll et al, 2021 ; Wilkins & Appelbaum, 2020 ) that stroboscopic training may be an effective tool for improving visual and visuomotor abilities in sports training. Previous behaviors and neurophysiological evidence ( Hülsdünker, Gunasekara & Mierau, 2021a , 2021b ) showed that visuomotor reaction times after stroboscopic protocols in young elite badminton athletes were largely associated with visual processing rather than motor processes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…One of the studies in this area was conducted by Kroll et al (2020) , who demonstrated the effectiveness of stroboscopic training in enhancing jumping performance and its potential as an addition to plyometric training in volleyball. Given that the utilization of stroboscopic protocols in a sport-specific context is a significant advantage ( Carroll et al, 2021 ), research in this field is necessary for a practical application in sport training.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects ofin-situstroboscopic training on visual, visuomotor and reactive agility in youth volleyball players

Zwierko

Jedziniak

Popowczak

et al. 2023

PeerJ

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Background Stroboscopic training is based on an exercise with intermittent visual stimuli that force a greater demand on the visuomotor processing for improving performance under normal vision. While the stroboscopic effect is used as an effective tool to improve information processing in general perceptual-cognitive tasks, there is still a lack of research focused on identifying training protocols for sport-specific settings. Therefore, we aimed at assessing the effects of in-situ stroboscopic training on visual, visuomotor and reactive agility in young volleyball players. Methods Fifty young volleyball athletes (26 males and 24 females; mean age, 16.5 ± 0.6 years) participated in this study and were each divided randomly into an experimental group and a control group, who then both performed identical volleyball-specific tasks, with the experimental group under stroboscopic influence. The participants were evaluated three times using laboratory based tests for simple and complex reaction speed, sensory sensitivity and saccade dynamics; before the after the 6-week-long training (short-term effect) and 4 weeks later (long-term effect). In addition, a field test investigated the effects of the training on reactive agility. Results A significant TIME vs GROUP effect was observed for (1) simple motor time (p = 0.020, ηp2 = 0.08), with improvement in the stroboscopic group in the post-test and retention test (p = 0.003, d = 0.42 and p = 0.027, d = 0.35, respectively); (2) complex reaction speed (p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.22), with a large post-test effect in the stroboscopic group (p < 0.001, d = 0.87) and a small effect in the non-stroboscopic group (p = 0.010, d = 0.31); (3) saccade dynamics (p = 0.011, ηp2 = 0.09), with post-hoc tests in the stroboscopic group not reaching significance (p = 0.083, d = 0.54); and (4) reactive agility (p = 0.039, ηp2 = 0.07), with a post-test improvement in the stroboscopic group (p = 0.017, d = 0.49). Neither sensory sensitivity nor simple reaction time was statistically significantly affected as a result of the training (p > 0.05). A significant TIME vs GENDER effect was observed for saccadic dynamics (p = 0.003, ηp2 = 0.226) and reactive agility (p = 0.004, ηp2 = 0.213), with stronger performance gains in the females. Conclusions There was a larger effectiveness from the 6-week volleyball-specific training in the stroboscopic group compared to the non-stroboscopic group. The stroboscopic training resulted in significant improvements on most measures (three of five) of visual and visuomotor function with more marked enhancement in visuomotor than in sensory processing. Also, the stroboscopic intervention improved reactive agility, with more pronounced performance gains for short-term compared to the long-term changes. Gender differences in response to the stroboscopic training are inconclusive, therefore our findings do not offer a clear consensus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects ofin-situstroboscopic training on visual, visuomotor and reactive agility in youth volleyball players

Zwierko

Jedziniak

Popowczak

et al. 2023

PeerJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Additional beneficial impacts were noted during sport-specific testing in ice hockey ( Mitroff et al, 2013 ) and badminton ( Hülsdünker et al, 2021a ). It has been suggested that these benefits are linked to more efficient processing of visual information ( Carroll et al, 2021 ; Wilkins and Appelbaum, 2020 ), which was further supported by recent neurophysiological findings of decreased activation latency in the visual motion-sensitive middle temporal (MT) area and improved reaction time ( Hülsdünker et al, 2021b ). Overall, these findings suggest that stroboscopic training can induce functional changes in the visual system, leading to faster sensory processing and improved performance in various contexts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Electrophysiological Evidence of Stroboscopic Training in Elite Handball Players: Visual Evoked Potentials Study

Zwierko,

Jedziniak,

Domaradzki

et al. 2023

Journal of Human Kinetics

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Stroboscopic training enhances perceptual cognition and motor skills; however, neurophysiological mechanisms underlying this adaptation are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a six-week stroboscopic training program on the conductivity of the visual pathway in elite handball players, specifically related to their visual processing of retinal location and viewing conditions. The study included 22 handball players who were randomly assigned to an experimental or a control group. Both groups performed handball-specific in-situ tasks, but only the experimental group underwent stroboscopic training. Participants were assessed three times using visually evoked potential recordings measured by P100 implicit time and amplitude under three viewing conditions (dominant eye, non-dominant eye, and binocular) and two retinal locations (extra-foveal and foveal vision) before and after the six-week training period, and again four weeks later. The results showed a significant TIME vs. GROUP effect of P100 implicit time for the dominant eye in extra-foveal vision (F2,40 = 5.20, p = 0.010, ηp2 = 0.206), extra-foveal binocular viewing (F2,40 = 3.32, p = 0.046, ηp2 = 0.142), and dominant eye foveal vision (F2,40 = 4.07, p = 0.025, ηp2 = 0.169). Stroboscopic training significantly improved early visual processing by reducing the P100 implicit time for the dominant eye and binocular vision, particularly in extra-foveal vision. The improvements were more noticeable in the short compared to the long term.

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“…It is unclear how the authors came to this conclusion, as there was no reporting on adverse events in this paper. Wilkins and Appelbaum and Carrolla and colleagues both acknowledge the potential for “physical hazards” as a result of training in conditions of interrupted vision, but this is again an area that has not been explored in any of the SVT studies to date [ 1 , 65 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stroboscopic visual training: The potential for clinical application in neurological populations

Das,

Walker,

Barry

et al. 2023

PLOS Digit Health

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Visual problems are common in people who have neurological injury or disease, with deficits linked to postural control and gait impairment. Vision therapy could be a useful intervention for visual impairment in various neurological conditions such as stroke, head injury, or Parkinson’s disease. Stroboscopic visual training (SVT) has been shown to improve aspects of visuomotor and cognitive performance in healthy populations, but approaches vary with respect to testing protocols, populations, and outcomes. The purpose of this structured review was to examine the use of strobe glasses as a training intervention to inform the development of robust protocols for use in clinical practice. Within this review, any studies using strobe glasses as a training intervention with visual or motor performance–related outcomes was considered. PubMed, Scopus, and ProQuest databases were searched in January 2023. Two independent reviewers (JD and RM) screened articles that used strobe glasses as a training tool. A total of 33 full text articles were screened, and 15 met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Reported outcomes of SVT included improvements in short–term memory, attention, and visual response times, with emerging evidence for training effects translating to balance and physical performance. However, the lack of standardisation across studies for SVT protocols, variation in intervention settings, duration and outcomes, and the limited evidence within clinical populations demonstrates that further work is required to determine optimal strobe dosage and delivery. This review highlights the potential benefits, and existing research gaps regarding the use of SVT in clinical practice, with recommendations for clinicians considering adopting this technology as part of future studies in this emerging field.

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Stroboscopic Visual Training for Coaching Practitioners: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Effects ofin-situstroboscopic training on visual, visuomotor and reactive agility in youth volleyball players

Effects ofin-situstroboscopic training on visual, visuomotor and reactive agility in youth volleyball players

Electrophysiological Evidence of Stroboscopic Training in Elite Handball Players: Visual Evoked Potentials Study

Stroboscopic visual training: The potential for clinical application in neurological populations

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