Stroke in children and sickle-cell disease

Earley, Christopher J.; Kittner, Steven J.; Feeser, B. R.; Gardner, Jennifer; Epstein, Anne; Wozniak, Marcella A.; Wityk, Robert J.; Stern, Barney J.; Price, Thomas R.; Macko, Richard F.; Johnson, Constance J.; Sloan, Michael A.; Buchholz, David W.

doi:10.1212/wnl.51.1.169

Cited by 252 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…The Baltimore-Washington Cooperative Young Stroke Study found an incidence of HS of 285 per 100,000 person-years in children with SCD, nearly a 250-fold risk over unaffected children [32]. The Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease found a more modest increase in HS incidence in children and young adults, ranging from 17 to 44 per 100,000 person-years [33].…”

Section: Special Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemorrhagic Stroke in Children

Jordan

Hillis

2007

Pediatric Neurology

116

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Hemorrhagic stroke accounts for approximately half of stroke in childhood. Unlike arterial ischemic stroke, there are no consensus guidelines to assist in the evaluation and treatment of these children. We review the literature on the evaluation, treatment, etiology and neurologic outcome of hemorrhagic stroke in children. Important differences between pediatric and adult hemorrhage are highlighted, as treatment guidelines for adults may not be applicable in all cases. Needed future research and potential therapies are also discussed.

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Section: Special Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemorrhagic Stroke in Children

Jordan

Hillis

2007

Pediatric Neurology

116

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“…The risk of stroke is 250 times greater in adolescents with SCD than in nonsickle individuals (Earley et al, 1998), and it is estimated that in addition to children who experience overt stroke, a further 20-30% will suffer silent infarctions, but with no apparent phenotypic consequence (Earley et al, 1998;Kinney et al, 1999;Moser et al, 1996). SCD is the major cause of stroke in childhood (Hoppe et al, 2003), with significant recurrence rates, which can lead to severe complications such as permanent neurological damage, residual motor deficits, cognitive impairment, and death (Flanagan et al, 2013;Sebastiani et al, 2005).…”

Section: Stroke In Scdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of Sickle Cell-Associated Cardiovascular Disease: An Expert Review with Lessons Learned in Africa

Geard

Pule

Chelo

et al. 2016

OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology

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Sickle cell disease (SCD) vastly impacts the African continent and is associated with cardiovascular diseases. Stroke, kidney disease, and pulmonary hypertension are considered as proxies of severity in SCD with several genomic loci implicated in their heritability. The present expert review examined the current data on epidemiology and genetic risk factors of stroke, pulmonary hypertension, and kidney disease associated with SCD, as indexed in PubMed Ò and Google Scholar Ò . Studies collectively show that stroke and kidney disease each affect *10% of SCD patients, with pulmonary hypertension displaying a higher prevalence of 30% among adults with SCD. There is some evidence that these epidemiology figures may be an underestimate in SCD patients living in Africa. A modest number of publications have identified genetic factors involved in pathways regulating inflammation, coagulation, cell adhesion, heme degradation, a-globin and c-globin production, and others, which contribute to the development risk of targeted cardiovascular phenotypes. However, in most cases, these studies have not been validated across populations. There is therefore an urgent need for large-scale genome-wide association, wholeexome and whole-genome studies, and multiomics research on cardiovascular diseases associated with SCD, particularly in Africa, to allow for proportional investment of global research funding on diseases that greatly impact the African continent. Ultimately, this will cultivate socially responsible research investments and identification of at-risk individuals with improved preventive medicine, which should be a cornerstone of global precision medicine.

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“…Cerebral infarction is the common cause of stroke in the first two decades of life and from the fourth decade onward; whereas, hemorrhagic stroke occurs commonly in the third decade (Ohene-Frempong et al, 1998). Clinical stroke with focal signs lasting more than 24 h is more common in children (Earley et al, 1998). Regardless of brain structural abnormalities, children with sickle disease with or without a history of overt stroke tend to have lower cognitive ability (Hogan et al, 2006;Noll et al, 2001;Watkins et al, 1998), andocular (Elagouz et al, 2010;Nagpal et al, 1977) and ophthalmic (Babalola and Wambebe, 2005;To and Nadel, 1991) complications.…”

Section: Neurological Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%