Stroke in Women: A Review Focused on Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Outcomes

Yoon, Cindy W.; Bushnell, Cheryl

doi:10.5853/jos.2022.03468

Cited by 33 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…Studies have shown that stroke incidence is higher in women, who often experience poorer outcomes than men (Bushnell & Kapral, 2022;Xu et al, 2022;Yoon & Bushnell, 2023). Therefore, post-stroke support systems must be specifically tailored to women's unique needs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Younger Women’s Experiences of Stroke: A Qualitative Study

Tarihoran

Honey

Slark

2023

Nursing Praxis in Aotearoa New Zealand

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The incidence of stroke in younger adults is rising, especially among women. This study aims to explore the experiences of younger women who have had a stroke to understand their experience and support needs. This study used a qualitative description approach, recruiting eligible women through a snowball method. A focus group discussion was conducted to collect data, which was then analysed using thematic analysis. The five participants were 18 to 64 years old when they experienced their stroke and six to 18 years post-stroke when they participated in a focus group discussion in 2021. Four themes and 11 sub-themes emerged during the data analysis: 1) impacts of stroke (stroke onset and early experiences, physical and psychosocial effects, and changes to their roles and careers); 2) women’s reproductive health (pregnancy, on the contraceptive pill, and effect of anticoagulants on menstruation); 3) self-management (being a woman, healthcare monitoring, and self-care); and 4) support (internal and external support). The younger woman’s burden after stroke is complex due to their risk factors, symptoms, and recovery needs. Therefore, developing specific long-term rehabilitation strategies for younger women are needed for more effective stroke rehabilitation and recurrent stroke prevention. TE REO MĀORI TRANSLATION Ngā wheako o ngā wāhine taitamariki o te roro ikura: He rangahau whakaahua kounga Ngā Ariā Matua E piki haere ana te pānga o te roro ikura i waenga i ngā pakeke āhua taitamariki, otirā he tino pērā mō te wahine. E whai ana tēnei rangahau kia tūhuratia ngā wheako o ngā wāhine taitamariki kua pāngia e te roro ikura kia mārama kē atu ō rātou wheako me ō rātou hiahia tautoko. I whakamahia e tēnei rangahau tētahi ara whakamārama whakaahua kounga, nā te rapu haere i ngā wāhine āhei mā tētahi huarahi torotoro tangata. I whakahaeretia tētahi hui whakawhiti kōrero hei kohikohi raraunga, ā, ka tātaritia i muri mā te tātari ā-tāhuhu. Ko te pakeke o te hunga whakauru kei waenga i te 18 ki te 64 tau i te pānga o tō rātou roro ikura, ā, e ono ki te tekau mā waru tau i muri i te roro ikura ka whai wāhi ki te hui whakawhiti kōrero, i te tau 2021. E whā ngā tāhuhu, 11 hoki ngā tāhuhu whāiti i puta i roto i te tātaritanga raraunga: 1) ko ngā pānga o te roro ikura (te ekenga mai o te roro ikura me ngā wheako tuatahi, ngā pānga ā-tinana, ā-wairua, ā-hinengaro hoki, ngā panonitanga ki ō rātou tūranga mahi, ara mahi hoki); 2) te hauora whakaputa uri o ngā wāhine (te hapūtanga, te pire ārai hapū, te pānga o ngā rongoā whakakūtere toto ki te ikura wahine); 3) te whakahaere i a ia anō (te noho hei wahine, te aroturuki manaakitanga hauora, te taurima a te tangata i a ia anō); me te 4) tautoko (whakaroto, whakawaho anō hoki). He matatini ngā āhuatanga o ngā kawenga mō te wahine taitamariki i muri i te ikura, nā ngā āhuatanga tūraru, ngā tohu o te mate, me ngā hiahia mātūtū. Nā reira, me whakatupu rautaki whakamātūtū mō te wā roa mō ngā wāhine taitamariki, e kaha ake ai te whai hua o ngā mahi whakaora i muri i te roro ikura, me te ārainga i te pānga anō o te roro ikura. Ngā kupu matua: ngā wheako roro ikura; ngā pānga roro ikura; te whakamātūtūtanga i muri i te roro ikura; ngā tūraru roro ikura; mōrehu nō te roro ikura; ngā wāhine taitamariki

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Younger Women’s Experiences of Stroke: A Qualitative Study

Tarihoran

Honey

Slark

2023

Nursing Praxis in Aotearoa New Zealand

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“…It is unclear whether the age and gender of patients can influence the expression of specific genes linked to the inflammation-caused exaggeration of ischemic damage and promotion of regeneration and functional recovery. Further research is needed to fully understand the properties of monocytes from age and sex perspectives [44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human monocyte subtype expression of neuroinflammation and regeneration-related genes is linked to age and sex

Tampé,

Monni,

Palma-Tortosa

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Stroke is a leading cause of disability and the third cause of death. The immune system plays a pivotal role in post-stroke recovery. After an ischemic stroke, monocytes infiltrate the injured brain tissue and can exacerbate or mitigate the damage. There are sex disparities in ischemic stroke incidence, outcomes, and recovery, and these differences may be hormone-driven and/or determined by genetic and epigenetic factors. Ischemic stroke is more prevalent in the aged population, and the aged brain exhibits an altered immune response. Here, we studied whether peripheral blood human monocyte sub-type (classical, intermediate, and non-classical) expression of inflammation- and regeneration-related genes depends on age and sex. FACS analysis of blood samples from 44 healthy volunteers showed that the numbers of B-cells, NK-cells, T-cells, monocytes, and subtypes of monocytes were not linked to age or sex. Gene expression analysis by qPCR identified several genes differentially correlating with age and sex within different monocyte subtypes. Interestingly, ANXA1 and CD91 showed a consistent increase with aging in all monocyte subtypes and in non-classical and intermediate, respectively. Most age-dependent genes were differentially expressed in females. Our findings show that the gene expression pattern in monocyte subtypes is correlated with age and sex. This may have implications for the characteristics and role of the immune response during the stroke and its contribution to the recovery. Our data might help to understand the role of monocytes in stroke better and support the development of new neuroinflammation modulation-based treatments for stroke patients.

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“…Stroke is a multifactorial and complex neurological disorder characterised by the sudden interruption of blood supply to the brain, resulting in a cascade of cellular and molecular events that leads to tissue damage and subsequent neurological deficits (1) . The worldwide incidence of stroke is estimated to be 17 million cases annually (2) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay between polygenic variants related immune response and lifestyle factors mitigate the chances of stroke in a genome-wide association study

Park

2024

Br J Nutr

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We aimed to investigate the intricate interplay between genetic predisposition and lifestyle factors on stroke. We conducted a comprehensive genome-wide association study(GWAS) to identify the genetic variants linked to stroke in the participants who experienced a stroke event(cases; n=672) and those with no stroke history(non-stroke; n=58,029) in a large hospital-based cohort. Using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction, we identified genetic variants with interactive effects and constructed polygenic risk scores(PRS) by summing up the risk alleles from the genetic variants. Food intake was measured with a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. No significant differences in stroke incidence were seen in demographic variables between the two groups. Among the metabolic indicators, only serum triglyceride levels were higher in males with stroke than those without stroke. The daily nutrient intake, dietary inflammation index, glycemic index, dietary patterns, alcohol consumption, exercise, and smoking did not display associations with the odds ratio for stroke. The stroke-linked genetic variants were related to the interleukin-18(IL-18) pathway. After accounting for covariates, the PRS derived from the 5-, 6-, and 7-single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) models were positively associated with stroke chance with 2.5-, 2.9-, and 2.8-fold. Furthermore, interactions between genetic predisposition and dietary components, including energy, carbohydrates, n-3 fatty acids, and branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs), that affected odds ratios for stroke were observed. A high intake of energy, carbohydrates, and BCAAs and a low intake of n-3 fatty acids were positively associated with the chances of stroke occurrence. In conclusion, understanding the interaction between genetic variants and lifestyle factors can assist in developing stroke prevention and management strategies.

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Stroke in Women: A Review Focused on Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Outcomes

Cited by 33 publications

References 144 publications

Younger Women’s Experiences of Stroke: A Qualitative Study

Younger Women’s Experiences of Stroke: A Qualitative Study

Human monocyte subtype expression of neuroinflammation and regeneration-related genes is linked to age and sex

Interplay between polygenic variants related immune response and lifestyle factors mitigate the chances of stroke in a genome-wide association study

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