Stromal cells cultured from omentum express pluripotent markers, produce high amounts of VEGF, and engraft to injured sites

Singh, Ashok K.; Patel, Jilpa; Litbarg, Natalia O.; Gudehithlu, Krishnamurthy P.; Sethupathi, Perianna; Arruda, José A.L.; Dunea, George

doi:10.1007/s00441-007-0560-x

Cited by 67 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…These findings suggest that the omentum plays an important role in bringing about growth and regeneration of the injured liver. The amount of liver growth induced by the omentum was proportional to the degree of omental activation, consistent with our previous observations that the concentration of growth factors and the number of progenitor cells in the omentum increase with increased activation [7,8] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In previous studies we investigated this process and found that these properties can be enhanced by physically expanding the omentum with foreign particles. Under such conditions, the expanded omentum becomes rich in growth and angiogenic factors, and has abundant progenitor cells [7,8] . In a separate study we used this approach to generate new β-cells from the diabetic pancreas [11] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These proper ties have found clinical application where the omentum is surgically brought into contact with injured tissues such as ischemic heart, fractured bones, or injured spinal cord [3][4][5][6] . We have recently shown that introducing a foreign body into the peritoneal cavity further enhanced the healing power of the omentum by causing it to expand, surround the foreign body, and transform itself from mostly fatty tissue to tissue abundant in progenitor cells and rich in growth and angiogenic factors (activated omentum) [7,8] . Because liver regeneration can be brought about by resident stem cells (oval cells) even in the absence of hepatocyte multiplication [9,10] , we attempted to use the activated omentum to facilitate liver regeneration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Omentum facilitates liver regeneration

Singh¹,

Pancholi²,

Patel³

et al. 2009

WJG

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AIM:To investigate the mechanism of liver regeneration induced by fusing the omentum to a small traumatic injury created in the liver. We studied three groups of rats. In one group the rats were omentectomized; in another group the omentum was left in situ and was not activated, and in the third group the omentum was activated by polydextran particles. METHODS:We pre-activated the omentum by injecting polydextran particles and then made a small wedge wound in the rat liver to allow the omentum to fuse to the wound. We monitored the regeneration of the liver by determining the ratio of liver weight/body weight, by histological evaluation (including immune staining for cytokeratin-19, an oval cell marker), and by testing for developmental gene activation using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS:There was no liver regeneration in the omentectomized rats, nor was there significant regeneration when the omentum was not activated, even though in this instance the omentum had fused with the liver. In contrast, the liver in the rats with the activated omentum expanded to a size 50% greater than the original, and there was histologically an interlying tissue between the wounded liver and the activated omentum in which bile ducts, containing cytokeratin-19 positive oval cells, extended from the wound edge. In this interlying tissue, oval cells were abundant and appeared to proliferate to form new liver tissue. In rats pre-treated with drugs that inhibited hepatocyte growth, liver proliferation was ongoing, indicating that regeneration of the liver was the result of oval cell expansion. CONCLUSION:Activated omentum facilitates liver regeneration following injury by a mechanism that depends largely on oval cell proliferation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Omentum facilitates liver regeneration

Singh¹,

Pancholi²,

Patel³

et al. 2009

WJG

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“…Scientists isolated, cultured and characterised these omentum fat derived cells from rat and asserted that these cells exhibited multilineage properties of stem cells which are capable of finding its use in repair and regenerative applications (Tholpady et al 2003;Singh et al 2008). Subsequently, there has been a very scanty citation of similar research with human omentum fat derived stem cells (Baglioni et al 2009;Toyoda et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface antigenic profiling of stem cells from human omentum fat in comparison with subcutaneous fat and bone marrow

Dhanasekaran

Somasundaram²,

Kanmani

et al. 2012

Cytotechnology

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Omentum fat derived stem cells have emerged as an alternative and accessible therapeutic tool in recent years in contrast to the existing persuasive sources of stem cells, bone marrow and subcutaneous adipose tissue. However, there has been a scanty citation on human omentum fat derived stem cells. Furthermore, identification of specific cell surface markers among aforesaid sources is still controversial. In lieu of this existing perplexity, the current research work aims at signifying omentum fat as a ground-breaking source of stem cells by surface antigenic profiling of stem cell population. In this study, we examined and compared the profiling of cell surface antigenic expressions of hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, cell adhesion molecules and other unique markers such as ABCG2, ALDH and CD 117 in whole cell population of human omentum fat, subcutaneous fat and bone marrow. The phenotypic characterization through flowcytometry revealed the positive expressions of CD 34, CD 45, CD 133, HLADR, CD 90, CD 105, CD 73, CD 29, CD 13, CD 44, CD 54, CD 31, ALDH and CD 117 in all sources. The similarities between the phenotypic expressions of omentum fat derived stem cells to that of subcutaneous fat and bone marrow substantiates that identification of ultimate source for curative therapeutics is arduous to assess. Nevertheless, these results support the potential therapeutic application of omentum fat derived stem cells.

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“…11 These healing properties of the omentum have been attributed to its high content of progenitor cells as well as growth and angiogenic factors. 12,13 Although adult stem cells have shown promise in treating AKI, [14][15][16][17][18] whether they could alleviate CKD has not been fully explored. One technical problem encountered in experimental investigation of this issue is the fact that adult stem cells do not survive in the body for more than a few days after injection [19][20][21] ; therefore, stem cells will have to be injected every few days for several weeks to see an observable effect.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated Omentum Slows Progression of CKD

García-Gómez

Pancholi

Patel

et al. 2014

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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Stem cells show promise in the treatment of AKI but do not survive long term after injection. However, organ repair has been achieved by extending and attaching the omentum, a fatty tissue lying above the stomach containing stem cells, to various organs. To examine whether fusing the omentum to a subtotally nephrectomized kidney could slow the progression of CKD, we used two groups of rats: an experimental group undergoing 5/6 nephrectomy only and a control group undergoing 5/6 nephrectomy and complete omentectomy. Polydextran gel particles were administered intraperitoneally before suture only in the experimental group to facilitate the fusion of the omentum to the injured kidney. After 12 weeks, experimental rats exhibited omentum fused to the remnant kidney and had lower plasma creatinine and urea nitrogen levels; less glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial injury, and extracellular matrix; and reduced thickening of basement membranes compared with controls. A fusion zone formed between the injured kidney and the omentum contained abundant stem cells expressing stem cell antigen-1, Wilms' tumor 1 (WT-1), and CD34, suggesting active, healing tissue. Furthermore, kidney extracts from experimental rats showed increases in expression levels of growth factors involved in renal repair, the number of proliferating cells, especially at the injured edge, the number of WT-1-positive cells in the glomeruli, and WT-1 gene expression. These results suggest that contact between the omentum and injured kidney slows the progression of CKD in the remnant organ, and this effect appears to be mediated by the presence of omental stem cells and their secretory products.

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Stromal cells cultured from omentum express pluripotent markers, produce high amounts of VEGF, and engraft to injured sites

Cited by 67 publications

References 41 publications

Omentum facilitates liver regeneration

Omentum facilitates liver regeneration

Surface antigenic profiling of stem cells from human omentum fat in comparison with subcutaneous fat and bone marrow

Activated Omentum Slows Progression of CKD

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