Stromal regulation of the intestinal barrier

Sylvestre, Marvin; Carlo, Selene E. Di; Peduto, Lucie

doi:10.1016/j.mucimm.2023.01.006

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…It was reported that Paneth cell depletion did not significantly alter ISC fate in vivo [ 36 ], and their functions can be substituted with exogenous Wnt supplements in ex vivo enteroid culture [ 37 ]. Additionally, recent studies have shown that iMSCs play indispensable roles in regulating intestinal morphogenesis, homeostasis, and regeneration by providing gradient factors to maintain intestinal integrity [ 38 , 39 , 40 ]. It is therefore vital to address how iMSCs regulate the Wnt, EGF, and BMP signaling pathways that confine active stem cell renewal at the crypt base and differentiate progenitors into specialized cells [ 2 ].…”

Section: Intestinal Stem Cell Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subepithelial Stromal Cells: Their Roles and Interactions with Intestinal Epithelial Cells during Gut Mucosal Homeostasis and Regeneration

Ayansola,

Mayorga,

Jin

2024

Biomedicines

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Intestinal epithelial cell activities during homeostasis and regeneration are well described, but their potential interactions with stromal cells remain unresolved. Exploring the functions of these heterogeneous intestinal mesenchymal stromal cells (iMSCs) remains challenging. This difficulty is due to the lack of specific markers for most functionally homogenous subpopulations. In recent years, however, novel clustering techniques such as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), confocal microscope, and computational remodeling of intestinal anatomy have helped identify and characterize some specific iMSC subsets. These methods help researchers learn more about the localization and functions of iMSC populations during intestinal morphogenic and homeostatic conditions. Consequently, it is imperative to understand the cellular pathways that regulate their activation and how they interact with surrounding cellular components, particularly during intestinal epithelial regeneration after mucosal injury. This review provides insights into the spatial distribution and functions of identified iMSC subtypes. It focuses on their involvement in intestinal morphogenesis, homeostasis, and regeneration. We reviewed related signaling mechanisms implicated during epithelial and subepithelial stromal cell crosstalk. Future research should focus on elucidating the molecular intermediates of these regulatory pathways to open a new frontier for potential therapeutic targets that can alleviate intestinal mucosa-related injuries.

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Section: Intestinal Stem Cell Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subepithelial Stromal Cells: Their Roles and Interactions with Intestinal Epithelial Cells during Gut Mucosal Homeostasis and Regeneration

Ayansola,

Mayorga,

Jin

2024

Biomedicines

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“…In addition to stem and Paneth cells, the crypt contains proliferating transient amplifying cells that are progenitors for the differentiated cells lining the villus ( Fig. 1 B ; Brügger and Basler, 2023 ; Gehart and Clevers, 2019 ; Sylvestre et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Intestinal Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 B ). Villus fibroblasts are the source of Bmp ligands that promote epithelial differentiation and maturation ( Brügger and Basler, 2023 ; Felsenthal and Vignjevic, 2022 ; Sylvestre et al, 2023 ). Differentiated villus enterocytes are not homogeneous; instead, they are zonated along the proximal-to-distal villus axis and exhibit distinct expression of nutrient transporters and channels ( Fig.…”

Section: Intestinal Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, villus cellular patterning and signaling are adapted to this distinct microenvironment. For example, subepithelial fibroblasts (“telocytes”) enhance barrier function through interaction with both epithelial and stromal cells, and villus smooth muscle cells (SMCs) contract villi to promote nutrient uptake ( Brügger and Basler, 2023 ; Felsenthal and Vignjevic, 2022 ; Sylvestre et al, 2023 ). In addition, intestinal-specific immune cells reside in villi, including IgA-producing plasma cells, to monitor and restrict intestinal microbiota-generated inflammation ( Fig.…”

Section: Intestinal Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It must serve to distribute nutrients systemically while simultaneously maintaining a barrier to prevent infection from gut-borne microorganisms. Given this crucial role for systemic health, the intestine has been a target of widespread research that revealed gut specialization in the epithelial, immune, nervous, muscle, and fibroblast systems ( Allaire et al, 2018 ; Brügger and Basler, 2023 ; Gehart and Clevers, 2019 ; Mowat and Agace, 2014 ; Sylvestre et al, 2023 ; Yoo and Mazmanian, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanisms and functions of intestinal vascular specialization

Bernier-Latmani,

González-Loyola,

Petrova

2023

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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The intestinal vasculature has been studied for the last 100 years, and its essential role in absorbing and distributing ingested nutrients is well known. Recently, fascinating new insights into the organization, molecular mechanisms, and functions of intestinal vessels have emerged. These include maintenance of intestinal epithelial cell function, coping with microbiota-induced inflammatory pressure, recruiting gut-specific immune cells, and crosstalk with other organs. Intestinal function is also regulated at the systemic and cellular levels, such that the postprandial hyperemic response can direct up to 30% of systemic blood to gut vessels, while micron-sized endothelial cell fenestrations are necessary for nutrient uptake. In this review, we will highlight past discoveries made about intestinal vasculature in the context of new findings of molecular mechanisms underpinning gut function. Such comprehensive understanding of the system will pave the way to breakthroughs in nutrient uptake optimization, drug delivery efficiency, and treatment of human diseases.

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Engineering Cell Instructive Microenvironments for In Vitro Replication of Functional Barrier Organs

Urciuolo,

Imparato,

Netti

2024

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Multicellular organisms exhibit synergistic effects among their components, giving rise to emergent properties crucial for their genesis and overall functionality and survival. Morphogenesis, the formation of an organism's shape, involves and relies upon intricate and biunivocal interactions among cells and their environment, i.e., the extracellular matrix (ECM). Cells secrete their own ECM which, in turn regulates their morphogenetic program by controlling time and space presentation of matricellular signals. The ECM, once perceived as a passive structure, is now acknowledged as an informative space where both biochemical (eg, growth factors, cytokines, matricellular cues) and biophysical (eg, morphophysical, mechanical) signals are tightly orchestrated. Replicating this sophisticate and highly interconnected informative media in a synthetic scaffold for tissue engineering is unattainable with our current technology and this limits our capability to engineering functional human tissues/organs in vitro and in vivo. This review explores current limitation to in vitro organ morphogenesis, emphasizing the interplay of gene regulatory networks, mechanical factors, and tissue microenvironment cues. In vitro efforts to replicate biological processes, particularly for barrier organs like the lung and intestine, are examined. The importance of maintaining cells within their native microenvironmental context is highlighted to accurately replicate organ‐specific morphogenic properties. The review underscores the necessity for microphysiological systems that faithfully reproduce cell‐native interactions, emphasizing spatial and temporal signaling cues between cells and the ECM. This approach is vital to improve such microphysiological systems used to for advancing our understanding of developmental disorders and disease progression. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Stromal regulation of the intestinal barrier

Cited by 17 publications

References 116 publications

Subepithelial Stromal Cells: Their Roles and Interactions with Intestinal Epithelial Cells during Gut Mucosal Homeostasis and Regeneration

Subepithelial Stromal Cells: Their Roles and Interactions with Intestinal Epithelial Cells during Gut Mucosal Homeostasis and Regeneration

Mechanisms and functions of intestinal vascular specialization

Engineering Cell Instructive Microenvironments for In Vitro Replication of Functional Barrier Organs

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