Stromal vascular fraction: A regenerative reality? Part 2: Mechanisms of regenerative action

Guo, James; Nguyen, Andrew; Banyard, Derek A.; Fadavi, Darya; Toranto, Jason D.; Wirth, Garrett A.; Paydar, Keyianoosh Z.; Evans, Gregory R. D.; Widgerow, Alan D.

doi:10.1016/j.bjps.2015.10.014

Cited by 145 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Stromal vascular fraction was suggested to achieve healing and regeneration by angiogenesis and extracellular matrix secretion. [31] …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure of the placenta in gestational diabetes mellitus

Hassan¹,

Essa²

2016

Anatomy

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Objectives: The placenta plays critical roles during pregnancy and is essential for fetal growth and development. Its functions are determined by the ultrastructure of the placental barrier that is an important feature to maintain the exchange surface area between the fetus and the mother. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) comprises unfit conditions for embryonic and feto-placental development, and may result in placental abnormalities. The aim of this study was to detect the ultrastructural changes of the placenta in women with GDM. Methods:The placentas of 10 women with GDM without pregestational diabetics, hypertension and chronic diseases and 10 controls were studied. Six control women were delivered vaginally and the remaining cases by caesarian section at a gestational age of 36 to 39 weeks. Placental samples were measured for their thickness and prepared for light and transmission electron microscopy study.Results: Light microscopic study of the control placentas showed numerous densely packed microvilli with syncytial knots and thin-walled blood vessels and wide intervillous spaces. The placentas of GDM cases showed reduced number of microvilli with syncytial knots, thick-walled vessels, edematous spaces, areas of fibrosis and perivillous fibrinoid degeneration. Electron microscopic study of the placentas of the control women showed terminal villi with a thick layer of syncytiotrophoblasts (Sy) with a lot of regular cylindrical microvilli and a thin layer of cytotrophoblasts (Cy). There were some endoplasmic reticulum cisternae besides few mitochondria. The underlying villus core was harboring fetal capillaries lined with flat endothelial cells and thin basement membrane. There was no fibrosis or edema. In the placenta of GDM women, there was hypertrophy of Cy with atrophy of Sy with multiple vacuoles and areas for glycogen storage. The subtrophoblastic membrane was thick and the microvilli were scarce. The villous core showed congested capillaries, stromal macrophages, edematous spaces, glycogen storage areas and fibrosis. Conclusion:All the changes in placentas of gestational diabetes were attributed to associated hypoxia and oxidative stress due to decreased uteroplacental flow that was aggravated by the thick placental barrier and the presence of edema, fibrosis and glycogen storage areas that increased the distance of transfer between the fetus and mother.

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“…Stromal vascular fraction was suggested to achieve healing and regeneration by angiogenesis and extracellular matrix secretion. [31] …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure of the placenta in gestational diabetes mellitus

Hassan¹,

Essa²

2016

Anatomy

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“…SVF treatment has been shown to provide therapeutic effects similar to those of ASC treatment in osteochondral defects and myocardial infarction [19, 20], and SVF cells have been demonstrated to have similar neuroprotective effects and greater immunomodulatory properties than ASCs in experimental chronic autoimmune encephalitis studies [21]. The regenerative capacity of SVF cells has been validated in various therapeutic models, such as fat grafting, multiple sclerosis, burn injury, diabetes, radiation, Crohn’s disease, cardiac disease and bone defect models [13, 14]. When applied to these models, SVF cells have shown angiogenic, immunomodulatory, differentiation, proliferation, and pro-survival properties that are important for regeneration and repair [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), which are a form of MSCs, have been intensely studied due to their multipotent differentiation capacity, paracrine effects and implications for regenerative medicine [13-15]. A recent shift of focus has directed attention away from the study of ASCs to that of the heterogeneous mixed cell population from which they are derived, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) [16, 17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The regenerative capacity of SVF cells has been validated in various therapeutic models, such as fat grafting, multiple sclerosis, burn injury, diabetes, radiation, Crohn’s disease, cardiac disease and bone defect models [13, 14]. When applied to these models, SVF cells have shown angiogenic, immunomodulatory, differentiation, proliferation, and pro-survival properties that are important for regeneration and repair [13]. These regenerative properties of SVF cells can be attributed to the heterogeneity of the cell population, which likely employs numerous mechanisms to facilitate regeneration [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid Induction of Osteogenic Markers in Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells

Choi

Shin

Lee

et al. 2017

Cell Physiol Biochem

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Background/Aims: Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells are a mixed cell population, and their regenerative capacity has been validated in various therapeutic models. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regenerative mechanisms utilized by implanted SVF cells. Using an in vitro co-culture system, we sought to determine whether SVF implantation into impaired tissue affects endogenous mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation; MSCs can differentiate into a variety of cell types, and they have a strong regenerative capacity despite their low numbers in impaired tissue. Methods: Adipose-derived SVF cells obtained from four donors were co-cultured with bone marrow-derived MSCs, and the differential expression of osteogenic markers and osteogenic differentiation inducers over time was analyzed in mono-cultured MSCs and MSCs co-cultured with SVF cells. Results: The co-cultivation of MSCs with SVF cells significantly and mutually induced the expression of osteogenic-specific markers via paracrine and/or autocrine regulation but did not induce adipocyte, chondrocyte or myoblast marker expression. More surprisingly, subsequent osteogenesis and/or comparable effects were rapidly induced within 48 h. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in which osteogenesis and/or comparable effects were rapidly induced in bone marrow-derived MSCs and adipose-derived SVF cells through co-cultivation. Our findings suggest that the positive effects of SVF implantation into impaired bone may be attributed to the rapid induction of MSC osteogenesis, and the transplantation of co-cultured and preconditioned SVF cells and/or MSCs may be more effective than the transplantation of untreated cells for the treatment of bone defects.

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“…In this study, we rely on the adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF), which is known to be inherently composed of a heterogeneous cell population, consisting of the key cell types (as mesenchymal and endothelial/mural progenitor cells), capable of driving important paracrine-mediated cellular processes (e.g. angiogenesis, inflammation) [20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of angiogenesis and host response by modulating the cell adhesion properties of an Elastin-Like Recombinamer-based hydrogel

et al. 2017

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The control of the in vivo vascularization of engineered tissue substitutes is essential in order to obtain either a rapid induction or a complete inhibition of the process (e.g. in muscles and hyaline-cartilage, respectively). Among the several polymers available, Elastin-Like Recombinamers (ELRs)-based hydrogel stands out as a promising material for tissue engineering thanks to its viscoelastic properties, non-toxicity, and non-immunogenicity. In this study, we aimed to modulate the high angiogenic potential of adipose tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells, predominantly composed of endothelial/mural and mesenchymal cells, by simply varying the cell adhesion properties of ELRs-hydrogels. Human SVF cells, embedded in RGD-REDVbioactivated or unmodified ELRs-hydrogels, were implanted in rat subcutaneous pockets either immediately or upon 5-day-culture in perfusion-bioreactors. Perfusionbased culture enhanced the endothelial cell cord-like-organization and the release of pro-angiogenic factors in functionalized constructs. While in vivo vascularization and host cell infiltration within the bioactivated gels were highly enhanced, the two processes were strongly inhibited in non-functionalized hydrogels up to 28 days. ELRsbased hydrogels showed a great potential to determine the successful integration of engineered substitutes thanks to their capacity to finely control the angiogenic/inflammation process at the recipient site, even in presence of SVF cells.

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Stromal vascular fraction: A regenerative reality? Part 2: Mechanisms of regenerative action

Cited by 145 publications

References 63 publications

Ultrastructure of the placenta in gestational diabetes mellitus

Ultrastructure of the placenta in gestational diabetes mellitus

Rapid Induction of Osteogenic Markers in Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells

Control of angiogenesis and host response by modulating the cell adhesion properties of an Elastin-Like Recombinamer-based hydrogel

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