Strong and Weak Dialects of China: How Cantonese Succeeded Whereas Shaan’Xi Failed with the Help of Media

Mao, Yuhan; Lee, Hugo Yu-Hsiu

doi:10.5539/ass.v10n15p23

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…In China, almost all different provinces have their own local Chinese dialects, yet by 2015, over 73 percent of the population have learned Mandarin Chinese, a once northern Chinese dialect later promoted as the official Chinese by the government [ 10 ]. However, Cantonese is better preserved in Canton than all other Chinese dialects, as the locals have kept many newspapers, radio broadcastings, movies and TV series in Cantonese [ 11 ]. Hebrew, an extinct ancient language, revived in 19th century and later became one of the official languages of Israel, with 9 million speakers worldwide today [ 12 ].…”

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confidence: 99%

Why multilingual, and how to keep it—An evolutionary dynamics perspective

2020

PLoS ONE

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While many languages are in danger of extinction worldwide, multilingualism is being adopted for communication among different language groups, and is playing a unique role in preserving language and cultural diversities. How multilingualism is developed and maintained therefore becomes an important interdisciplinary research subject for understanding complex social changes of modern-day societies. In this paper, a mixed population of multilingual speakers and bilingual speakers in particular is considered, with multilingual defined broadly as zero, limited, or full uses of multiple languages or dialects, and an evolutionary dynamic model for its development and evolution is proposed. The model consists of two different parts, formulated as two different evolutionary games, respectively. The first part accounts for the selection of languages based on the competition for population and social or economic preferences. The second part relates to circumstances when the selection of languages is altered, for better or worse, by forces other than competition such as public policies, education, or family influences. By combining competition with intervention, the paper shows how multilingualism may evolve under these two different sources of influences. It shows in particular that by choosing appropriate interventional strategies, the stable co-existence of languages, especially in multilingual forms, is possible, and extinction can be prevented. This is in contrast with major predictions from previous studies that the co-existence of languages is unstable in general, and one language will eventually dominate while all others will become extinct.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why multilingual, and how to keep it—An evolutionary dynamics perspective

2020

PLoS ONE

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The relationship between learning preferences (styles and approaches) and learning outcomes among pre-clinical undergraduate medical students

2015

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BackgroundLearning styles and approaches of individual undergraduate medical students vary considerably and as a consequence, their learning needs also differ from one student to another. This study was conducted to identify different learning styles and approaches of pre-clinical, undergraduate medical students and also to determine the relationships of learning preferences with performances in the summative examinations.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected 419 pre-clinical, undergraduate medical students of the International Medical University (IMU) in Kuala Lumpur. The number of students from Year 2 was 217 while that from Year 3 was 202. The Visual, Auditory, Read/Write, Kinesthetic (VARK) and the Approaches and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIST) questionnaires were used for data collection.ResultsThis study revealed that 343 students (81.9%) had unimodal learning style, while the remaining 76 (18.1%) used a multimodal learning style. Among the unimodal learners, a majority (30.1%) were of Kinesthetic (K) type. Among the middle and high achievers in summative examinations, a majority had unimodal (Kinaesthetic) learning style (30.5%) and were also strategic/deep learners (79.4%). However, the learning styles and approaches did not contribute significantly towards the learning outcomes in summative examinations.ConclusionsA majority of the students in this study had Unimodal (Kinesthetic) learning style. The learning preferences (styles and approaches) did not contribute significantly to the learning outcomes. Future work to re-assess the viability of these learning preferences (styles and approaches) after the incorporation of teaching-learning instructions tailored specifically to the students will be beneficial to help medical teachers in facilitating students to become more capable learners.

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Conservative and Innovative Dialect Gorom Language: Dialectological Studies

Rumalean

2019

BIRCI

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The research of Gorom language is located in East Gorom Subdistrict, Gorom Island Subdistrict, and Pulau Panjang District in East Seram Regency of Moluccas Province -Indonesia, using dialectology approach. Aims to describe the conservative and innovative dialects, patterns of diversity and the use of the Proto-Austronesian form as conservative and innovative dialects, the pattern of Innovation and reconstruction, as well as the conservative and innovative dialect map of the Gorom language. The conservative dialect is a dialect that still retains the old form (proto). Innovative dialect is a dialect that uses a form of renewal (innovation). The instrument is a list of the basic vocabulary of Gorom language obtained from native speakers, adapted to the forms of Proto-Austronesian Languages (reconstructed) Ross (2009), and Appendix: Proto-Austronesia Swadesh (1971). Data collection using recording, recording, referring, and interview techniques. Analyzing data is done qualitatively by using Padan method, and examined by the triangulation method. The findings of this research are 1. Ondor village in Pulau Gorom sub-district still maintains conservative form Proto-Austronesian, called conservative dialect user area, 2. Dada Administrative Village, Lalasa Village, Miran Village, Wawasa Administrative Village, and Amarwatu Village using innovative form, so the five areas are designated as areas of innovative dialect users. There are three forms of the vocabulary of Gorom, namely, conservative forms, innovative forms, and new forms altogether. Gorom's language innovation is divided into two forms: internal innovation and external innovation, the forms of innovation in Gorom language have 4 patterns, (1) phonemic expansion, (2) phonemic mergers, (3) phoneme changes (innovation), and (4) phoneme impingement.

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Strong and Weak Dialects of China: How Cantonese Succeeded Whereas Shaan’Xi Failed with the Help of Media

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Why multilingual, and how to keep it—An evolutionary dynamics perspective

Why multilingual, and how to keep it—An evolutionary dynamics perspective

The relationship between learning preferences (styles and approaches) and learning outcomes among pre-clinical undergraduate medical students

Conservative and Innovative Dialect Gorom Language: Dialectological Studies

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