Strong Associations Between the Pesticide Hexachlorocyclohexane and Type 2 Diabetes in Saudi Adults

Al‐Othman, Abdulaziz; Yakout, Sobhy M.; Abd-Alrahman, Sherif H.; Al-Daghri, Nasser M.

doi:10.3390/ijerph110908984

Cited by 26 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…There are no prior studies of this association in a UK population. A link between β -HCH and preexisting type 2 diabetes has also been reported in cross-sectional studies involving Americans [ 22 , 23 ], Koreans [ 26 ], Slovakians [ 27 ], Saudi Arabians [ 30 ], and Norwegians [ 31 ]. Again, there are no prior studies of this association in a UK population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Elevated Levels of Organochlorine Pesticides in South Asian Immigrants Are Associated With an Increased Risk of Diabetes

Daniels

Chambers

Sanchez

et al. 2018

Journal of the Endocrine Society

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ObjectiveRates of diabetes mellitus are higher in South Asians than in other populations and persist after migration. One unexplored cause may be higher exposure to persistent organic pollutants associated with diabetes in other populations. We compared organochlorine (OC) pesticide concentrations in South Asian immigrants and European whites to determine whether the disease was positively associated with OC pesticides in South Asians.Research Design and MethodsSouth Asians of Tamil or Telugu descent (n = 120) and European whites (n = 72) were recruited into the London Life Sciences Population Study cohort. Blood samples as well as biometric, clinical, and survey data were collected. Plasma levels of p,p′-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), p,p′- dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, β-hexachlorohexane (HCH), and polychlorinated biphenyl-118 were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. South Asian cases and controls were categorized by binary exposure (above vs below the 50th percentile) to perform logistic regression.ResultsTamils had approximately threefold to ninefold higher levels of OC pesticides, and Telugus had ninefold to 30-fold higher levels compared with European whites. The odds of exposure to p,p′-DDE above the 50th percentile was significantly greater in South Asian diabetes cases than in controls (OR: 7.00; 95% CI: 2.22, 22.06). The odds of exposure to β-HCH above the 50th percentile was significantly greater in the Tamil cases than in controls (OR: 9.35; 95% CI: 2.43, 35.97).ConclusionsSouth Asian immigrants have a higher body burden of OC pesticides than European whites. Diabetes mellitus is associated with higher p,p′-DDE and β-HCH concentrations in this population. Additional longitudinal studies of South Asian populations should be performed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Elevated Levels of Organochlorine Pesticides in South Asian Immigrants Are Associated With an Increased Risk of Diabetes

Daniels

Chambers

Sanchez

et al. 2018

Journal of the Endocrine Society

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“…The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) involves impairments in insulin resistance and secretion, which stems from both genetic and environmental causes. Various studies in adults have suggested that exposure to POPs is associated with T2DM (Airaksinen et al 2011; Al-Othman et al 2014; Lee et al 2011; MacNeil et al 2009; Philibert et al 2009; Tang et al 2014; Taylor et al 2013; Turyk et al 2009, 2015; Wu et al 2013). Several possible underlying mechanisms and/or pathways linking POPs to T2DM have been suggested, including potential involvement of POPs in insulin secretion or sensitivity; however, the complete picture is not yet understood fully.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum Levels of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Insulin Secretion among Children Age 7–9 Years: A Prospective Cohort Study

Park

Hong

et al. 2016

Environ Health Perspect

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Background:Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are endocrine disruptors and have been suggested as possible risk factors for diabetes. Few studies have been performed to investigate this association among children.Objectives:In this study, we prospectively examined the relationship between the serum concentration of POPs and glucose metabolism in children.Methods:Data were collected from the Ewha Birth & Growth Cohort Study, an ongoing birth cohort study initially constructed between 2001 and 2006. In 2010–2012, the POP concentration was measured in serum from a total of 214 children, 7–9 years of age. Using fasting glucose and insulin measurements at both baseline and the second year of follow-up, the homeostatic model assessment of beta-cell function (HOMA-β) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were calculated. Multiple linear regression analysis and a linear mixed-effects model were used to determine the relationship between POP tertiles and metabolic biomarkers.Results:Compared with the lowest tertile of total marker PCBs, participants in the third tertile had decreased HOMA-β values, after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index z-score, mother’s education, ponderal index, and history of breastfeeding (–18.94%; 95% CI: –32.97%, –1.98%). In a linear mixed model, the HOMA-β values were still lower in subjects in the highest compared with the lowest tertile of total PCBs at the 2-year follow-up period (108.3 vs. 135.0, respectively).Conclusion:The results of the study suggested that exposure to POPs among children might affect insulin secretory function, which could lead to an increased risk of developing diabetes.Citation:Park SH, Ha EH, Hong YS, Park H. 2016. Serum levels of persistent organic pollutants and insulin secretion among children age 7–9 years: a prospective cohort study. Environ Health Perspect 124:1924–1930; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP147

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“…Within the last decade numerous publications have reported positive associations between exposure to POPs and T2D incidence (A. Al-Othman et al 2014;A. A. Al-Othman, Abd-Alrahman, and Al-Daghri 2015;Arrebola et al 2013;Cappelletti et al 2016;Eslami et al 2016;Everett and Matheson 2010;Everett and Thompson 2012;Gasull et al 2012;Han et al 2020;Huang et al 2015;D.…”

Section: Emerging Links Between Pops and T2d Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-specific associations between type 2 diabetes incidence and exposure to dioxin and dioxin-like pollutants: a meta-analysis

Gang

Allen

Villeneuve

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The relationship between persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs), and diabetes incidence in adults has been extensively studied. However, significant variability exists in the reported associations both between and within studies. Emerging data from rodent studies suggest that dioxin exposure disrupts glucose homeostasis in a sex-specific manner. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis of relevant epidemiological studies to investigate whether there are sex-specific associations between dioxin or DL-PCB exposure and type 2 diabetes incidence. Articles were organized into the following subcategories: data stratified by sex (16%), unstratified data (56%), and data from only 1 sex (16% male, 12% female). We also considered whether exposure occurred either abruptly at high levels through a contamination event (disaster exposure) or chronically at background levels (non-disaster exposure). Only 8 studies compared associations between dioxin/DL-PCB exposure and diabetes risk in males versus females within the same population. When all sex-stratified or single sex studies were considered in the meta-analysis, the summary odds ratio (OR) for increased diabetes risk was similar between females and males (1.78 and 1.95, respectively) when comparing exposed to reference populations, suggesting that this relationship is not sex-specific. However, when we considered disaster-exposed populations separately, the association differed substantially between sexes, with females showing a much higher OR than males (2.86 and 1.59, respectively). Moreover, the association between dioxin/DL-PCB exposure and diabetes was stronger for females than males in disaster-exposed populations. In contrast, both sexes had significantly increased ORs in non-disaster exposure populations and the OR for females was lower than males (1.40 and 2.02, respectively). Our review emphasizes the importance of considering sex differences, as well as the mode of pollutant exposure, when exploring the relationship between pollutant exposure and diabetes in epidemiological studies.

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Strong Associations Between the Pesticide Hexachlorocyclohexane and Type 2 Diabetes in Saudi Adults

Cited by 26 publications

References 46 publications

Elevated Levels of Organochlorine Pesticides in South Asian Immigrants Are Associated With an Increased Risk of Diabetes

Elevated Levels of Organochlorine Pesticides in South Asian Immigrants Are Associated With an Increased Risk of Diabetes

Serum Levels of Persistent Organic Pollutants and Insulin Secretion among Children Age 7–9 Years: A Prospective Cohort Study

Sex-specific associations between type 2 diabetes incidence and exposure to dioxin and dioxin-like pollutants: a meta-analysis

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