Strong Improvement of Long-Term Chemical and Thermal Stability of Plasmonic Silver Nanoantennas and Films

Wang, Xiaolong; Santschi, Christian; Martin, Olivier J. F.

doi:10.1002/smll.201700044

Cited by 51 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(122 reference statements)

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“…This drastically restricts the choice of emitters available for quantum plasmonic experiments [16][17][18] . In contrast to gold, silver leads to reduced losses in the visible spectral range [19][20][21] although care has to be taken to avoid surface degradation 22 . Chemically grown silver nanowires have been successfully coupled with visible quantum emitters 4,23,24 .…”

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confidence: 99%

A Single-Crystalline Silver Plasmonic Circuit for Visible Quantum Emitters

2019

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x5 x0.5 remote excitation emission remote detection nano-bead far-field fluorescence image two-wire transmission line 1μmPlasmonic waveguides are key elements in nanophotonic devices serving as optical interconnects between nanoscale light sources and detectors. Multimode operation in plasmonic two-wire transmission lines promises important degrees of freedom for near-field manipulation and information encoding. However, highly confined plasmon propagation in gold nanostructures is typically limited to the near-infrared region due to ohmic losses, excluding all visible quantum emitters from plasmonic circuitry. Here, we report on top-down fabrication of complex plasmonic nanostructures in single-crystalline silver plates. We demonstrate controlled remote excitation of a small ensemble of fluorophores by a set of waveguide modes and emission of the visible luminescence into the waveguide with high efficiency. This approach opens up the study of nanoscale lightmatter interaction between complex plasmonic waveguides and a large variety of quantum emitters available in the visible spectral range.Propagating surface plasmon polaritons can break the diffraction limit 1 and find applications in optical communication, sensing and quantum information 2,3 . Whereas single nanowires of noble metals are extensively studied as plasmonic waveguides 4,5 , recent research focuses on multimode operation in more complex geometries like two-wire transmission lines. These waveguides offer two fundamental modes which can be selectively excited with an optical antenna and detected by means of a mode detector 6 . Such waveguides find application in polarization manipulation 7 , local mode-conversion 8 , coherent control 9 and spin-dependent flow 10 . In the last years such complex plasmonic and high-quality nanostructures have been mainly fabricated by focused ion beam milling of single-crystalline gold plates 11-14 .Long-range plasmonic waveguiding in gold structures is however limited to the near-infrared spectral range due to ohmic losses in the visible range 15 . This drastically restricts the choice of emitters available for quantum plasmonic experiments [16][17][18] . In contrast to gold, silver leads to reduced losses in the visible spectral range 19-21 although care has to be taken to avoid surface degradation 22 . Chemically grown silver nanowires have been successfully coupled with visible quantum emitters 4,23,24 . More complex shapes need to be manufactured by focused ion beam milling of single-crystalline silver films or flakes 25,26 .Let us start by demonstrating the advantages of silver plasmonics with the example of a two-wire transmission line, formed by two parallel nanowires separated by a gap of a few tens of nanometers ( Fig. 1). We label the two fundamental eigen-modes by the symmetry of their a) Electronic mail: markus.lippitz@uni-bayreuth.de 550 650 750 600 700 wavelength λ (nm) propagation length (µm) 0 2 4 6 8 Ag as Ag s Ag ho guided leaky mode as mode ho E x (arb.u.) max min 0 mode s + -+ + -glass air Al 2 O ...

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A Single-Crystalline Silver Plasmonic Circuit for Visible Quantum Emitters

2019

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“…When a Ag NW network is directly exposed to ambient conditions, atmospheric sulfur such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) or carbonyl sulfide (OCS) can easily react with the intrinsic defect structure of the Ag NW pentagon, which leads to a significant increase in electrical resistance. [32][33][34][35][36] This is one of the most important issues with Ag NW networks for practical applications. We also track the When a Ag NW network is directly exposed to ambient conditions, atmospheric sulfur such as hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) or carbonyl sulfide (OCS) can easily react with the intrinsic defect structure of the Ag NW pentagon, which leads to a significant increase in electrical resistance.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Flash Light Sintering on Silver Nanowire Electrode Networks

et al. 2020

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We investigated the flash light sintering process to effectively reduce electrical resistance in silver nanowire networks. The optimum condition of the flash light sintering process reduces the electrical resistance by ~20%, while the effect of the conventional thermal annealing processes is rather limited for silver nanowire networks. After flash light sintering, the morphology of the junction between the silver nanowires changes to a mixed-phase structure of the two individual nanowires. This facile and fast process for silver nanowire welding could be highly advantageous to the mass production of silver nanowire networks.

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“…It turns out that the presence of water in air is of prime importance. Several other papers also reported that both sulfidation and oxidation require humidity to take place [38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Evolution Of the Ag 0 Particles In Airmentioning

confidence: 96%

On the origin of the changes in color of Ag/Al2O3 catalysts during storage

et al. 2019

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Despite the large number of catalytic studies involving Ag/Al2O3 catalysts, especially in deNOx reactions, the phenomenon of ageing observed during catalysts storage after preparation by impregnation followed by a calcination treatment, has not been reported earlier and rises questions. The present paper highlights firstly the colors of the calcined Ag/Al2O3 catalysts (white to yellowish) and the associated UV-visible spectra as a function of the Ag loading (0.5 to 4 wt% Ag), and secondly the gradual changes of color to grey/black and the associated UVvisible spectra when the samples are stored in ambient air or in vacuum in a desiccator in dark. These changes were found to be reversible when the samples are re-calcined. The physico-chemical changes in the silver species during ageing were explained thanks to a comprehensive characterization study of the Ag/Al2O3 catalysts after calcination and after ageing. Several techniques such as UV-Visible spectroscopy, XRD, electron microscopy, XAS and photoluminescence were used. After calcination, in addition to highly dispersed Ag + species on alumina, the presence of Agn clusters of size smaller than 1 nm was found to be responsible for the yellowish color of the Ag/Al2O3 catalysts with Ag loadings higher than 2 wt% Ag and for the associated plasmon band at 350 nm. The ageing process was explained based on characterizations, coupled to a close examination of the literature data on the mechanisms of reduction of Ag + species, and on physico-chemical phenomena that can influence the color of various silver-containing materials, such as Ag 0 particle size, aggregation/redispersion and surface alteration. Consequently, the ageing process of the calcined Ag/Al2O3 catalysts, associated to sample darkening and to Ag plasmon band shift and broadening in the entire visible range, was proposed to result from the modification of the nature of the supported Ag phase: the reduction of Ag + species (by auto-reduction and/or photoreduction), followed by the growth of Ag 0 particles, It is proposed that the Agn clusters may act as nucleation sites for the formation of larger Ag 0 particles and that the formation of aggregates is favored by an easy migration of Ag on alumina.

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Strong Improvement of Long-Term Chemical and Thermal Stability of Plasmonic Silver Nanoantennas and Films

Cited by 51 publications

References 95 publications

A Single-Crystalline Silver Plasmonic Circuit for Visible Quantum Emitters

A Single-Crystalline Silver Plasmonic Circuit for Visible Quantum Emitters

Effect of Flash Light Sintering on Silver Nanowire Electrode Networks

On the origin of the changes in color of Ag/Al2O3 catalysts during storage

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