Strong In-Plane Magnetization and Spin Polarization in (Co_0.15Fe_0.85)₅GeTe₂/Graphene van der Waals Heterostructure Spin-Valve at Room Temperature

Abstract

Van der Waals (vdW) magnets are promising, because of their tunable magnetic properties with doping or alloy composition, where the strength of magnetic interactions, their symmetry, and magnetic anisotropy can be tuned according to the desired application. However, so far, most of the vdW magnet-based spintronic devices have been limited to cryogenic temperatures with magnetic anisotropies favoring out-of-plane or canted orientation of the magnetization. Here, we report beyond room-temperature lateral spin-valve devices with strong in-plane magnetization and spin polarization of the vdW ferromagnet (Co 0.15 Fe 0.85 ) 5 GeTe 2 (CFGT) in heterostructures with graphene. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the magnitude of the anisotropy depends on the Co concentration and is caused by the substitution of Co in the outermost Fe layer. Magnetization measurements reveal the above room-temperature ferromagnetism in CFGT and clear remanence at room temperature. Heterostructures consisting of CFGT nanolayers and graphene were used to experimentally realize basic building blocks for spin valve devices, such as efficient spin injection and detection. Further analysis of spin transport and Hanle spin precession measurements reveals a strong in-plane magnetization with negative spin polarization at the interface with graphene, which is supported by the calculated spin-polarized density of states of CFGT. The in-plane magnetization of CFGT at room temperature proves its usefulness in graphene lateral spin-valve devices, thus revealing its potential application in spintronic technologies.

Spintronics with two-dimensional materials and van der Waals heterostructures

“…Other directions which are emerging include topological spintronics, which finds its origin in the use of novel resources such as the orbital Hall effect and related orbitronics effects [34,63,64], nontrivial spin textures [65,66] and the use of 2D magnetic materials to design ultra-compact spin active building blocks [30,67,68], which could further improve performances at single device level.…”