Strong positive association of traditional Asian-style diets with blood cadmium and lead levels in the Korean adult population

Park, Sunmin; Lee, Byung Kook

doi:10.1080/09603123.2013.769204

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…As a result, there is a risk of heavy metal exposure through the consumption of rice and grains that have accumulated heavy metals [ 52 ]. Therefore, the reason that the concentration of heavy metals in Asian countries including Korea is higher than in Western countries may be due to the high consumption of contaminated seafood and herbal medicines, as well as the consumption of grains such as rice [ 53 , 54 ]. Considering the BPb, the serum AST, ALT, and GGT concentrations for participants showing the highest BPb were significantly higher than those in the group with the lowest values.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Pb, Cd, and Hg Exposure and Liver Injury among Korean Adults

Kim

Ock

Moon

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Background: Exposure to lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) has been reported to be associated with liver-related diseases. However, studies examining the association between heavy metal exposure and liver injury in a large population are scant and characterized by inconsistent results. This study aimed to evaluate the association between levels of heavy metal exposure and liver injury in the general population. Methods: Data for 2953 participants aged 19 years or more obtained from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) Cycle 3 (2015–2017) were used. The associations between levels of blood or urine heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Hg) and liver function biomarkers [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)] were evaluated using multiple linear regression analysis. Results: Regarding the blood Pb (BPb), AST was higher in those of the 4th quartile, ALT was higher in those of the 2nd and 4th quartiles, and GGT was higher in those of the 3rd and 4th quartiles than in the 1st quartile. For urinary Cd (UCd), AST was higher in those of the 4th quartile; ALT was higher in those of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles; and GGT was higher in the 4th quartile than in the 1st quartile. For the blood Hg (BHg), AST was higher in those of the 2nd and 4th quartile, ALT was higher in those of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartiles; and GGT was higher in those of the 3rd and 4th quartiles than in the 1st quartile. There was no significant difference between urinary Hg (UHg) and liver function markers. Conclusion: Heavy metal exposure showed an association with liver injury among the general adult population in Korea. Further studies are required to clarify the relationship between heavy metals and liver injury.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Pb, Cd, and Hg Exposure and Liver Injury among Korean Adults

Kim

Ock

Moon

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Pb can bioaccumulate increasing with age and has no known beneficial biological function. Thus, once it is stored in the body, Pb is very slowly eliminated (Park & Lee 2013). Currently, inorganic Pb compounds are listed as 'probably carcinogenic to humans' in group 2A by the IARC (2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary exposure and risk assessment to lead of the population of Jiangsu province, China

Jin

Liu

Sun

et al. 2014

Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A

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The paper's main purpose is to estimate the dietary exposure to lead for the inhabitants of Jiangsu province, China. Lead concentration data were obtained from the national food contamination monitoring programme during 2007-10. Food samples (n = 2077) were collected from 23 food categories in Jiangsu province. Consumption data were derived from Chinese national nutrition and health survey in 2002, which included 3938 inhabitants from 1451 households in Jiangsu province. Concentration data were combined with consumption data to estimate the dietary intake for the inhabitants of 2-6, 7-17 and 18-80 years, respectively. The β-binomial-normal (BBN) model was used to estimate the long-term intake for the population in Jiangsu province. The distribution of individual margin of exposure (IMoE) was introduced to assess the health effect. Uncertainty of IMoE was quantified by Monte Carlo and bootstrap methods. The mean levels of dietary exposure to lead were estimated at 3.019 µg kg(-1) bw day(-1) for children aged 2-6 years, 2.104 µg kg(-1) bw day(-1) for teenagers aged 7-17 years, and 1.601 µg kg(-1) bw day(-1) for adults aged 18-80 years. The mean intakes for the urban and rural populations were 1.494 and 1.822 µg kg(-1) bw day(-1), respectively. From the 25th to 99.9th percentiles, IMoE was 0.125-2.057 for 2-6 years and 0.473-7.998 for 18-80 years, respectively. The distribution of IMoE could indicate a public health concern on lead for the Chinese population in Jiangsu. Control measures should be taken to reduce lead exposure in Jiangsu province.

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“…With regard to lead, a few studies of low-level exposure and hearing loss have been conducted in U.S. older men ( Park et al 2010 ), general adults ( Choi et al 2012a ), and adolescents ( Shargorodsky et al 2011 ); for cadmium, one cross-sectional study in U.S. general adults ( Choi et al 2012a ) and one cross-sectional study in U.S. adolescents ( Shargorodsky et al 2011 ) have been conducted; for mercury, one cross-sectional study was conducted in U.S. general adolescents, but it failed to observe a significant association ( Shargorodsky et al 2011 ) despite the biological plausibility of mercury affecting the auditory brainstem response ( Murata et al 1999 ). Although exposure to lead, cadmium, and mercury has decreased considerably in many countries, these heavy metals continue to be widely used in a variety of consumer products, and environmental exposure to cadmium and mercury is known to be particularly high in Asian Pacific people, including Koreans, because of dietary exposure via consumption of contaminated food: for example, rice, fish, and shellfish ( Park and Lee 2013a , 2013b ). However, no epidemiologic studies have examined the association between environmental exposures to heavy metals and hearing loss in the Korean general population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Exposures to Lead, Mercury, and Cadmium and Hearing Loss in Adults and Adolescents: KNHANES 2010–2012

Choi

Park

2017

Environ Health Perspect

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Background:The prevalence of hearing loss increases rapidly with aging. Hearing loss is common in all age groups, even in young adults and adolescents. A growing body of evidence has suggested that heavy metals have ototoxic effects, yet few epidemiological studies have investigated the association between heavy metals and hearing loss in a general population that includes adults and adolescents.Objectives:We examined the association between environmental exposures to lead, mercury, and cadmium and the risk of hearing loss in adults and adolescents while controlling for potential confounding factors, including noise exposures and clinical factors.Methods:We analyzed cross-sectional data from 5,187 adults and 853 adolescents in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010–2012. Pure-tone average (PTA) of hearing thresholds at high frequency (3, 4, and 6kHz) were computed, and hearing loss was defined as a PTA>25 dB in adults and PTA>15 dB in adolescents.Results:In adults, the highest (vs. lowest) quartiles of blood lead and cadmium were associated with 1.70 (95% CI: 1.25, 2.31) and 1.47 (95% CI: 1.05, 2.05) odds ratios for high-frequency hearing loss (p-trend<0.001 and=0.007), respectively. In adolescents, the highest quartile (vs. lowest) of blood cadmium had an odds ratio of 3.03 (95% CI: 1.44, 6.40) for high-frequency hearing loss (p-trend=0.003), but blood lead was not associated with hearing loss. No significant association between blood mercury and hearing loss was suggested in either adults or adolescents.Conclusions:The results of the present study suggest that exposure to environmental lead and cadmium in adults and exposure to environmental cadmium in adolescents may play a role in the risk of hearing loss. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP565

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Strong positive association of traditional Asian-style diets with blood cadmium and lead levels in the Korean adult population

Cited by 23 publications

References 35 publications

Association between Pb, Cd, and Hg Exposure and Liver Injury among Korean Adults

Association between Pb, Cd, and Hg Exposure and Liver Injury among Korean Adults

Dietary exposure and risk assessment to lead of the population of Jiangsu province, China

Environmental Exposures to Lead, Mercury, and Cadmium and Hearing Loss in Adults and Adolescents: KNHANES 2010–2012

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