Strong Positive Selection in<i>Aedes aegypti</i>and the Rapid Evolution of Insecticide Resistance

Love, R. Rebecca; Sikder, Josh R; Vivero, Rafael José; Matute, Daniel R.; Schrider, Daniel R.

doi:10.1093/molbev/msad072

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 157 publications

(255 reference statements)

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“…aegypti genetic cluster extending from Southern USA through to Central America and the Caribbean 64 , and it would be valuable to explore copy number variation and associated resistance further in this region. Positive selection was recently detected at this GST gene cluster in Brazil and Colombia 65 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Global, asynchronous partial sweeps at multiple insecticide resistance genes inAedesmosquitoes

Schmidt,

Endersby-Harshman,

van Rooyen

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Aedes aegypti(yellow fever mosquito) andAe. albopictus(Asian tiger mosquito) are globally invasive pests that confer the world’s dengue burden. Insecticide-based man-agement has led to the evolution of insecticide resistance in both species, though the genetic architecture and geographical spread of resistance remains incompletely un-derstood. This study investigates partial selective sweeps at resistance genes on two chromosomes and characterises their spread across populations. Sweeps at the volt-age-sensitive sodium channel gene (VSSC) on chromosome 3 correspond to one nu-cleotide substitution inAe. albopictusand three substitutions inAe. aegypti, including two at the same nucleotide position (F1534C) that have evolved and spread independently. InAe. aegypti, we also identified partial sweeps at a second locus on chromosome 2. This locus contained 15 glutathione S-transferase (GST) epsilon class genes with significant copy number variation among populations and where three distinct genetic backgrounds have spread across the Indo-Pacific region, the Americas, and Australia. Local geographical patterns and linkage networks indicate VSSC and GST backgrounds probably spread at different times and interact locally with different genes to produce resistance phenotypes. These findings highlight the rapid spread of resistance genes globally and are evidence for the critical importance of GST genes in resistance evolution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Global, asynchronous partial sweeps at multiple insecticide resistance genes inAedesmosquitoes

Schmidt,

Endersby-Harshman,

van Rooyen

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…There is also the troubling occurrence of increased vector resistance to pyrethroids, which are used to treat bed nets, in vector populations inhabiting agricultural areas where pyrethrins are used against crop pests, making it more difficult to control them with these materials in inhabited areas 70 – 74 . Developing and managing vector resistance programs to extend the life of available insecticides is among the most difficult and important challenges facing global public health and food security in the near term, especially as the climate warms and changes 36 , 75 – 79 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An optical system to detect, surveil, and kill flying insect vectors of human and crop pathogens

Patt,

Makagon,

Norton

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Sustainable and effective means to control flying insect vectors are critically needed, especially with widespread insecticide resistance and global climate change. Understanding and controlling vectors requires accurate information about their movement and activity, which is often lacking. The Photonic Fence (PF) is an optical system that uses machine vision, infrared light, and lasers to identify, track, and interdict vectors in flight. The PF examines an insect’s outline, flight speed, and other flight parameters and if these match those of a targeted vector species, then a low-power, retina-safe laser kills it. We report on proof-of-concept tests of a large, field-sized PF (30 mL × 3 mH) conducted with Aedes aegypti, a mosquito that transmits dangerous arboviruses, and Diaphorina citri, a psyllid which transmits the fatal huanglongbing disease of citrus. In tests with the laser engaged, < 1% and 3% of A. aegypti and D. citri, respectfully, were recovered versus a 38% and 19% recovery when the lacer was silenced. The PF tracked, but did not intercept the orchid bee, Euglossa dilemma. The system effectively intercepted flying vectors, but not bees, at a distance of 30 m, heralding the use of photonic energy, rather than chemicals, to control flying vectors.

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“…, Ir8) (29), the para sodium channel gene ( e.g. , kdr mutations) (23,30,31), and odorant receptors ( e.g. , AeOR4) (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular signature of domestication in the arboviral vectorAedes aegypti

Lozada-Chavez

Lozada-Chávez

Alfano

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Domestication is a complex, multi-stage and species-specific process that results in organisms living close to humans. In the arboviral vectorAedes aegyptiadaptation to living in proximity with anthropogenic environments has been recognized as a major evolutionary shift, separating a generalist form,Aedes aegypti formosus(Aaf), from the domestic formAedes aegypti aegypti(Aaa), which tends to deposit eggs artificial containers and bite humans for a blood meal. These behaviors enhance the mosquito vectorial capacity. The extent to which domestication has impacted theAe. aegyptigenome has not been thoroughly investigated yet. Results: Taking advantage of two forms' distinct and historically documented geographic distributions, we analyzed the genomes of 634 worldwideAe. aegyptimosquitoes. Using more than 300 million high-confidence SNPs, we found a unique origin for all out-of-AfricaAe. aegyptimosquitoes, with no evidence of admixture events in Africa, apart from Kenya. A group of 1033 genes were under positive selection only in out-of-Africa mosquitoes and 236 genes had nonsynonymous mutations, occurring at statistically different frequencies in Aaa and Aaf mosquitoes. Conclusion: We identified a clear signal of genetic differentiation between Aaa and Aaf, circumscribed to a catalogue of candidate genes. TheseAaa molecular signaturegenes extend beyond chemosensory genes to genes linked to neuronal and hormonal functions. This suggests that the behavioral shift to domestication may rely on the fine regulation of metabolic and neuronal functions, more than the role of a few significant genes. Our results also provide the foundation to investigate new targets for the control ofAe. aegyptipopulations.

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Strong Positive Selection inAedes aegyptiand the Rapid Evolution of Insecticide Resistance

Cited by 16 publications

References 157 publications

Global, asynchronous partial sweeps at multiple insecticide resistance genes inAedesmosquitoes

Global, asynchronous partial sweeps at multiple insecticide resistance genes inAedesmosquitoes

An optical system to detect, surveil, and kill flying insect vectors of human and crop pathogens

Molecular signature of domestication in the arboviral vectorAedes aegypti

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