Strong resistance to phosphine in the rusty grain beetle, <i>Cryptolestes ferrugineus</i> (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae): its characterisation, a rapid assay for diagnosis and its distribution in Australia

Nayak, Manoj K.; Holloway, Joanne C.; Emery, Robert N.; Pavic, Hervoika; Bartlet, Justin; Collins, Patrick J.

doi:10.1002/ps.3360

Cited by 126 publications

(107 citation statements)

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“…Widespread and frequent use of PH 3 from the time of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) global survey in the 1970s (FAO, 1975), and which subsequently increased because of methyl bromide phase out led to the development of high levels of PH 3 resistance in several pest species including Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Tyler et al, 1983;Rajendran, 1992;Ren et al, 1994;Acda et al, 2000;Collins et al, 2002;Benhalima et al, 2004;Lorini et al, 2007;Opit et al, 2012;Nayak et al, 2013). In Australia, strong resistance in R. dominica (600 × ) was first detected in 1997 and in T. castaneum strong resistance (431 × ) was found in 2000 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphine resistance in India is characterised by a dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase variant that is otherwise unobserved in eukaryotes

et al. 2015

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Phosphine (PH 3 ) fumigation is the primary method worldwide for controlling insect pests of stored commodities. Over-reliance on phosphine, however, has led to the emergence of strong resistance. Detailed genetic studies previously identified two loci, rph1 and rph2, that interact synergistically to create a strong resistance phenotype. We compared the genetics of phosphine resistance in strains of Rhyzopertha dominica and Tribolium castaneum from India and Australia, countries having similar pest species but widely differing in pest management practices. Sequencing analysis of the rph2 locus, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (dld), identified two structurally equivalent variants, Proline494Serine (P49S) in one R. dominica strain and P45S in three strains of T. castaneum from India. These variants of the DLD protein likely affect FAD cofactor interaction with the enzyme. A survey of insects from storage facilities across southern India revealed that the P45/49S variant is distributed throughout the region at very high frequencies, in up to 94% of R. dominica and 97% of T. castaneum in the state of Tamil Nadu. The abundance of the P45/49S variant in insect populations contrasted sharply with the evolutionary record in which the variant was absent from eukaryotic DLD sequences. This suggests that the variant is unlikely to provide a strong selective advantage in the absence of phosphine fumigation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphine resistance in India is characterised by a dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase variant that is otherwise unobserved in eukaryotes

et al. 2015

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“…In another study, Li and Yan 29 recommended a phosphine concentration of 0.3 mg L −1 for more than 28 days to control strongly resistant C. ferrugineus in warehouses. Nayak et al 10,30 and concentration combinations for strongly resistant C. ferrugineus are much longer than previously established times for other strongly phosphine-resistant stored-product pests. For example, fumigation periods of 5 and 7 days were required for 1.0 mg L −1 of phosphine at 25 ∘ C to attain population extinction of mixed-age populations of strongly resistant R. dominica from Australia 18 and India.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…10 These reference populations of C. ferrugineus were identified by a professional taxonomist within Agri-Science Queensland, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. Cultures of susceptible and strongly resistant C. ferrugineus were maintained on a food medium consisting of rolled oats and cracked sorghum (95% w/w), wheat germ (4.5% w/w) and torula yeast (0.5% w/w) at 32 ∘ C and 70% relative humidity (RH) and a photoperiod of 12:12 h light:dark.…”

Section: Test Insects and Preparation Of Mixed-age Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 -16 In Australia, a high level of resistance to phosphine has been reported in a strongly resistant strain of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) (600×) over a 48 h fumigation, 6 Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (431×) over a 20 h fumigation 17 and Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (1450×) over a 72 h fumigation, calculated on the basis of the LC 50 of each strain relative to their respective susceptible counterparts. The level of resistance in C. ferrugineus is the highest ever detected in any stored-product insect species 10 and needs special attention. A proactive approach, however, has resulted in proposed successful management of the strong resistance in R. dominica, 18 Sitophilus oryzae 7 and Liposcelis bostrychophila 11 in Australia through proper characterisation of each of these resistances and development of effective fumigation protocols by manipulation of phosphine concentration, exposure period and temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developing effective fumigation protocols to manage strongly phosphine‐resistant Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae)

Kaur

Nayak

2014

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: The emergence of high levels of resistance in Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) in recent years threatens the sustainability of phosphine, a key fumigant used worldwide to disinfest stored grain. We aimed at developing robust fumigation protocols that could be used in a range of practical situations to control this resistant pest. and 35 ∘ C, respectively, to achieve 99.9% mortality of the strongly resistant C. ferrugineus population. We also observed that phosphine concentration is inversely proportional to fumigation period in regard to the population extinction of this pest. RESULTS CONCLUSION:The fumigation protocols developed in this study will be used in recommending changes to the currently registered rates of phosphine in Australia towards management of strongly resistant C. ferrugineus populations, and can be repeated in any country where this type of resistance appears.

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“…Until recently, phosphine (PH 3 ) fumigation has been effective in controlling this species in Australia, however, strongly resistant populations of C. ferrugineus have now been detected that threaten market access of infested commodities [3]. Resistant populations detected in Australia are capable of developing very high levels of resistance to phosphine, up to 1300×, significantly higher than levels reported in other grain insect pests [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic characterization of field-evolved resistance to phosphine in the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Laemophloeidae: Coleoptera)

Jagadeesan

Collins

Nayak

et al. 2016

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

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Inheritance of resistance to phosphine fumigant was investigated in three field-collected strains of rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Susceptible (S-strain), Weakly Resistant (Weak-R) and Strongly Resistant (Strong-R). The strains were purified for susceptibility, weak resistance and strong resistance to phosphine, respectively, to ensure homozygosity of resistance genotype. Crosses were established between S-strain x Weak-R, S-strain x Strong-R and Weak-R x Strong-R, and the dose mortality responses to phosphine of these strains and their F 1 , F 2 and F 1 -backcross progeny were obtained. The fumigations were undertaken at 25°C and 55% RH for 72 hours.Weak-R and Strong-R showed resistance factors of 6.3× and 505× compared with S-strain at the LC 50 .Both weak and strong resistances were expressed as incompletely recessive with degrees of dominance of -0.48 and -0.43 at the LC 50 , respectively. Responses of F 2 and F 1 -backcross progeny indicated the existence of one major gene in Weak-R, and at least two major genes in Strong-R, one of which was allelic with the major factor in Weak-R. Phenotypic variance analyses also estimated that the number of independently segregating genes conferring weak resistance was 1 (nE = 0.89) whereas there were two genes controlling strong resistance (nE = 1.2). The second gene, unique to Strong-R, interacted synergistically with the first gene to confer a very high level of resistance (~80×).Neither of the two major resistance genes was sex linked. Despite the similarity of the genetics of resistance to that previously observed in other pest species, a significant proportion (~15 to 30%) of F 1 individuals survived at phosphine concentrations higher than predicted. Thus it is likely that additional dominant heritable factors, present in some individuals in the population, also influenced the resistance phenotype.Our results will help in understanding the process of selection for phosphine resistance in the field which will inform resistance management strategies. In addition, this information will provide a basis for the identification of the resistance genes.

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Strong resistance to phosphine in the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae): its characterisation, a rapid assay for diagnosis and its distribution in Australia

Cited by 126 publications

References 13 publications

Phosphine resistance in India is characterised by a dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase variant that is otherwise unobserved in eukaryotes

Phosphine resistance in India is characterised by a dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase variant that is otherwise unobserved in eukaryotes

Developing effective fumigation protocols to manage strongly phosphine‐resistant Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae)

Genetic characterization of field-evolved resistance to phosphine in the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Laemophloeidae: Coleoptera)

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