Strong synergistic toughening and compatibilization enhancement of carbon nanotubes and multi-functional epoxy compatibilizer in high toughened polylactic acid (PLA)/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) blends

Zhao, Xiujian; Yu, Jiajie; Wang, Xin; Huang, Zepeng; Zhou, Weiyi; Peng, Shaoxian

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126204

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…This is commonly observed in immiscible binary polymer blends, where the slope in the terminal region of the Han plot deviates from 2. This deviation clearly indicates the blend’s heterogeneous structure, which can significantly impact its properties and behavior [ 54 , 55 , 56 ]. When the Han plot exhibits more significant deviation beyond the miscibility criteria, it indicates heightened elasticity in the low-frequency region.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Graphene Oxide Localization on Morphology Development and Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Poly(lactic acid)/ethylene vinyl Alcohol Copolymer Blend Composites: A Comprehensive Study

Dadashi,

Ray,

Babaei

2024

Polymers

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This study investigates the rheological, morphological, and mechanical properties of melt-processed polylactide/ethylene vinyl alcohol (70PLA/30EVOH) blend composites containing 0.25, 0.5, and 1 wt.% of graphene oxide (GO) nanoplates. Thermodynamic-based suggested the localization of nanoparticles in EVOH, SEM studies showed that the introduction of GO to the blend increased dispersed droplet size, which was attributed to the localization of GO within EVOH, as confirmed by TEM. The rheology results indicated a decrease in the elasticity for the composite containing 0.25 wt.% of GO compared to the neat blend, which was attributed to the sliding effect of the added GO nanoplatelets. However, samples containing higher amounts of GO nanoplatelets exhibited more excellent elasticity than the neat blend. The increased elasticity was suggestively attributed to the dominance of hydrodynamic interactions, the physical network of added nanoplatelets, and polymer/GO interactions over the sliding role of the GO nanoplatelets at higher loadings. In addition, the effect of the order of mixing was investigated, and the premixing of PLA and GO exhibited a decrease in the droplet radius compared to the neat blend. It was ascribed to the localization of GO nanosheets in the PLA and interface, which was confirmed by rheological results and mechanical assessments.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this tail cannot be observed in other polymer blend composites, such as (PLA/EVOH)/0.5GO and (PLA/EVOH)/1GO). This is because of the dominance of elastic contributions in the lubrication factor, resulting in an incomplete semicircle for those systems and a sharp and long tail [ 54 , 60 , 61 , 62 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Graphene Oxide Localization on Morphology Development and Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Poly(lactic acid)/ethylene vinyl Alcohol Copolymer Blend Composites: A Comprehensive Study

Dadashi,

Ray,

Babaei

2024

Polymers

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“…These characteristics render PLA suitable for a diverse array of applications. , Nevertheless, inherent drawbacks such as brittleness, low crystallinity, and unfavorable thermal resistance impose significant constraints on the widespread applicability of PLA. , Over the past two decades, a multitude of research endeavors have been undertaken, mainly focusing on enhancing the toughness of PLA. Researchers have extensively employed approaches such as copolymerization, , plasticization, , blending, − incorporation of various fillers, , and alteration of polymer chain orientation. , Among these methodologies, blending with an elastomeric component is widely recognized as the most effective and economically viable strategy to address the brittleness of PLA. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This improvement is contingent upon the establishment of a robust interaction at the interface of the PLA matrix phase and dispersed modifiers. However, a close examination of highly toughened PLA-based systems reveals that the improved toughness comes at the expense of compromising other vital mechanical and thermal characteristics of PLA, including stiffness, creep resistance, and dimensional stability. ,,,, Notably, an inverse relationship is observed, wherein the augmentation of toughness correlates with a reduction in the stiffness and strength of the resulting blends. Therefore, the development of multicomponent PLA-based systems that strike a balance between stiffness and toughness while maintaining acceptable levels of both attributes has consistently posed a challenging task. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Synthesis of Polystyrene-Occluded Reactive Core–Shell Particles of Natural Rubber to Balance Stiffness and Toughness in Poly(lactic acid)

Alizadeh,

Habibi,

Razavi Aghjeh

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Rubber toughening of poly(lactic acid), PLA, particularly with biobased natural rubber (NR) to address its inherent brittleness, is always at the cost of reducing stiffness and tensile strength. In this work, reactive core−shell particles (RCS particles) of NR with occluded rigid polystyrene (PS) nanodomains inside the NR particles and surface-grafted glycidyl methacrylatemethyl methacrylate copolymer (GMA-co-MMA) were designed and successfully synthesized via a two-step seeded emulsion polymerization technique to balance the stiffness and toughness of the PLA/NR blends. Incorporation of RCS particles resulted in a significant improvement in the impact toughness of PLA. The maximum impact strength of 365 J/m (28-fold increment relative to PLA) was achieved for the PLA/RCS 80/20 blend, while the tensile strength preserved 86% and decrement in Young's modulus was less than 20%, representative of a notable "stiff ness−toughness balance" in these systems. This substantial increase in impact toughness was ascribed to the high level of interfacial adhesion between the RCS particles and PLA matrix and consequently activation of different toughening micromechanisms, particularly massive shear yielding in the entire PLA matrix. On the other hand, both the retained tensile strength and elastic modulus were attributed to the inclusion of rigid PS nanodomains within the NR particles. This innovative strategy, which effectively achieves a balance between stiffness and toughness in high-performance biodegradable plastics based on PLA, represents a significant advancement in the production of alternatives to engineering plastics, especially for use in automotive applications.

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“…In the recent years, blends of PLA and thermoplastic starch (TPS) have been studied as environmentally friendly materials of great interest for food packaging and biomedical applications [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. However, the major drawback of processing PLA blends through simple physical blending is their immiscibility, poor compatibility, and the weak interfacial bonding of the blend components [ 19 , 20 , 21 ]. In particular, PLA and TPS are immiscible due to the incompatibility between the hydrophobic nature of PLA and hydrophilic nature of starch.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermally-Activated Shape Memory Behavior of Biodegradable Blends Based on Plasticized PLA and Thermoplastic Starch

Sessini,

Salaris,

Oliver-Cuenca

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Biodegradable blends based on plasticized poly(lactic acid) PLA and thermoplastic starch (TPS) have been obtained. The influence of the PLA plasticizer as a compatibility agent has been studied by using two different plasticizers such as neat oligomeric lactic acid (OLA) and functionalized with maleic acid (mOLA). In particular, the morphological, thermal, and mechanical properties have been studied as well as the shape memory ability of the melt-processed materials. Therefore, the influence of the interaction between different plasticizers and the PLA matrix as well as the compatibility between the two polymeric phases on the thermally-activated shape memory properties have been studied. It is very interesting to use the same additive able to act as both plasticizer and compatibilizer, decreasing the glass transition temperature of PLA to a temperature close to the physiological one, obtaining a material suitable for potential biomedical applications. In particular, we obtain that OLA-plasticized blend (oPLA/TPS) show very good thermally-activated capability at 45 °C and 50% deformation, while the blend obtained by using maleic OLA (moPLA/TPS) did not show shape memory behavior at 45 °C and 50% deformation. This fact is due to their morphological changes and the loss of two well-distinguished phases, one acting as fixed phase and the other one acting as switching phase to typically obtain shape memory response. Therefore, the thermally-activated shape memory results show that it is very important to make a balance between plasticizer and compatibilizer, considering the need of two well-established phases to obtain shape memory response.

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Strong synergistic toughening and compatibilization enhancement of carbon nanotubes and multi-functional epoxy compatibilizer in high toughened polylactic acid (PLA)/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) blends

Cited by 29 publications

References 39 publications

Effect of Graphene Oxide Localization on Morphology Development and Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Poly(lactic acid)/ethylene vinyl Alcohol Copolymer Blend Composites: A Comprehensive Study

Effect of Graphene Oxide Localization on Morphology Development and Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Poly(lactic acid)/ethylene vinyl Alcohol Copolymer Blend Composites: A Comprehensive Study

Design and Synthesis of Polystyrene-Occluded Reactive Core–Shell Particles of Natural Rubber to Balance Stiffness and Toughness in Poly(lactic acid)

Thermally-Activated Shape Memory Behavior of Biodegradable Blends Based on Plasticized PLA and Thermoplastic Starch

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