Strongyloidiasis – the most neglected of the neglected tropical diseases?

Olsen, Annette; Lieshout, Lisette van; Marti, Hanspeter; Polderman, Ton; Polman, Katja; Steinmann, Peter; Stothard, J. Russell; Thybo, Søren; Verweij, Jaco J.; Magnussen, Pascal

doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.02.013

Cited by 494 publications

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“…In Brazil, the reported prevalence is 13% in a randomly examined population. 4,5 Low socioeconomic status, 6 institutionalization in mental Acute hematogenous pyelonephritis with multiple small subcapsular abscesses was grossly evident on the left kidney ( Figures 4A and 4B). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection - a dreaded but still missed diagnosis

Crenitte¹,

Campos²,

Felipe-Silva³

2012

ACR

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Strongyloides stercoralis (S. stercoralis), an intestinal nematode, is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions, being less prevalent in temperate climates. The number of infected persons worldwide ranges between 10 million and 100 million people. In Brazil the reported prevalence is 13%. Chronic infection may be asymptomatic or accompanied by gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms. Under immunosuppressive conditions, the infection assumes serious proportions frequently accompanied by septic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and respiratory distress syndrome. The authors report a case of a 50-year-old female patient who was a chronic user of glucocorticoids and had been seeking medical attention for two months because of continuous gastrointestinal symptoms. She was admitted to the emergency room with clinical signs of septic shock and died after four days despite an adequate antibiotic regimen, vasopressor drugs, and ventilatory support. The autopsy revealed the unsuspected finding of S. stercoralis hyperinfection and septicemia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection - a dreaded but still missed diagnosis

Crenitte¹,

Campos²,

Felipe-Silva³

2012

ACR

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“…It is endemic in humid tropical and subtropical regions with the highest concentrations in tropical regions of Africa, South-East Asia and Latin America (Schär et al 2013). The nematode is also found in temperate regions such as in Europe, in particular in Eastern Europe, and in southern areas of the USA and in Japan (Olsen et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The life cycle is complex and involves both a freeliving developmental cycle and a parasitic life cycle (Shoop et al 2002, Bowman 2009, and autoinfection can occur within the host (Olsen et al 2009). First stage larvae are passed in faeces to the environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strongyloides stercoralis found in imported dogs, household dogs and kennel dogs in Iceland

Eydal¹,

Skírnisson²

2016

IAS

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The aim of this paper is to report cases of the intestinal parasitic nematode Strongyloides stercoralis in dogs in Iceland. The nematode was diagnosed in 20 (0.6%) of imported dogs in quaratine in Iceland during 1989-2016. Household dogs: The first case of S. stercoralis infection diagnosed outside quaratine in Iceland was in an unhealthy household puppy purchased from an Icelandic breeding kennel (Kennel A) in 2012. A total of nine puppies purchased from Kennel A, and two dogs which had contact with dogs from the kennel, were diagnosed with S. stercoralis. Kennel dogs: In 2012 S. stercoralis was confirmed in dozens of dogs in Kennel A. Follow-up examinations after anthelmintic treatments indicated a successful removal of worms in imported and household dogs. In spite of more than a dozen anthelmintic treatment actions and other arrangements in Kennel A since 2012, recurrent infections have repeatedly been confirmed, the last one in 2015. The nematode is believed to have been introduced to the breeding kennel with an imported dog, in spite of anthelmintic treatments in quarantine. YFIRLITSníkjuþráðormurinn Strongyloides stercoralis staðfestur á Íslandi í innfluttum hundum, heimilishundum og í hundaraektunarstöð. Markmið þessa yfirlits er að greina frá tilfellum sem greinst hafa af sníkjuþráðorminum Strongyloides stercoralis í hundum á Íslandi. Ormurinn hefur greinst í saursýnum úr 20 (0.6%) hundum sem fluttir voru til landins um einungrunarstöðvar á árunum 1989-2016. Heimilishundar: Fyrsta tilfelli utan einangrunarstöðva greindist í veikum heimilishvolpi sem keyptur var á íslenskri hundaraektunarstöð 2012. Ormurinn greindist í alls níu hvolpum sem keyptir voru á stöðinni og í tveimur heimilishundum sem höfðu haft samgang við hunda frá stöðinni. Hundaraektunarstöðin: S. stercoralis greindist í tugum hunda í stöðinni í byrjun árs 2012, baeði í hvolpum og fullorðnum hundum. Innfluttu hundarnir og heimilishundarnir fengu ormalyfjameðferð og eftirfylgnirannsóknir bentu til að tekist hefði að uppraeta ormana. Margendurteknar ormalyfjagjafir á árunum 2012 -2016 og aðrar aðgerðir í hundaraektunarstöðinni virðast hafa borið umtalsverðan árangur en ormurinn hefur þó greinst í stökum saursýnum á undanförnum árum, síðast í nóvember 2015. Talið er að þráðormurinn hafi borist inn í hundaraektunarstöðina með innfluttum hundi, þrátt fyrir endurteknar ormalyfjagjafir í einangrunarstöð, smitast milli hunda í raektunarstöðinni og borist þaðan út með seldum hundum.

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“…11 Strongyloidiasis is estimated to affect 100 million people worldwide and causes mortality in immunocompromised hosts (mortality rate estimated to be 60%-80%). 12 It is endemic in Latin America, Southeast Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and parts of the southeastern United States. Strongyloidiasis is an important cause of eosinophilia (defined as an absolute eosinophil count of Ն500 cells/ L) among travelers returning from developing countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

57-Year-Old Man With Fever, Rash, Chronic Watery Diarrhea, Cough, and Sweats

Agyemang

Virk

2012

Mayo Clinic Proceedings

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A 57-year-old previously healthy man from Minnesota presented for evaluation of chronic intermittent diarrhea, cough, and sweats of 6 months' duration. The symptoms started while he was in Fiji (to which he travels to annually) with an urticarial, nontender, nonvesicular rash sparing mucosal surfaces that resolved after 2 days. One week after the rash resolved, he experienced intermittent productive cough, dyspnea, malaise, and diarrhea. Chest radiography in Fiji revealed a left pulmonary infiltrate. He received antibiotics without improvement. He also continued to have watery, nonbloody diarrhea, about 10 bowel movements per day. Because of his illness, he returned to the United States. His condition transiently improved for about 10 days after his return, but the symptoms, including cough, fever, chills, and diarrhea, recurred. He therefore presented to our clinic for further evaluation.In Fiji, his exposures included consuming rainwater and raw fish, walking barefoot on the lawn, and swimming in the ocean and local rivers. His 2 dogs were frequently infected with "dog fluke." Other travel included trips to Mexico, Australia, and New Zealand. He had no ill contacts. He had no risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis B or C and no history of inflammatory bowel disease or asthma. He took no medications regularly.Laboratory tests from an outside institution revealed persistent eosinophilia ranging from 21.7% to 33.1% (reference range, 0%-7%) with normal lymphocytes and neutrophils. His erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 92 mm/h (reference range, 0-22 mm/h), and his C-reactive protein level was elevated at 23.3 mg/L (reference range, Յ8 mg/L). Stool studies were negative for ova and parasites, as were test results for Cyclospora and Giardia antigen, Clostridium difficile toxin, and special bacterial cultures (Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli 0157). Purified protein derivative (tuberculin) skin testing yielded negative results.

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Strongyloidiasis – the most neglected of the neglected tropical diseases?

Cited by 494 publications

References 28 publications

Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection - a dreaded but still missed diagnosis

Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection - a dreaded but still missed diagnosis

Strongyloides stercoralis found in imported dogs, household dogs and kennel dogs in Iceland

57-Year-Old Man With Fever, Rash, Chronic Watery Diarrhea, Cough, and Sweats

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