Strontium-90 in the Bones of Big Game in the Western United States

Fountain, E. L.; Seal, Morgan S.

doi:10.1097/00004032-196711000-00004

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Several recent studies have been concerned with identifying the frequency distributions of concentrations of trace elements or radioisotopes in biotic components of ecosystems (Anderson et al 1957, Duvall et al 1971, Walton et al 1959, Ellett and Brownell 1964, Turner 1965, Fountain and Seal 1967, Liebscher and Smith 1968, Martin 1969, Pinder and Smith 1975, Eberhardt et al 1976). Most of these studies have attempted to employ simple frequency distributions, such as the normal, lognormal, exponential, gamma, or Weibull distributions, as models for sample data of the tissue or whole-body concentrations of stable trace elements or radioisotopes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency Distributions of the Concentrations of Essential and Nonessential Elements in Largemouth Bass, Micropterus Salmoides

Pinder¹,

Giesy²

1981

Ecology

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From data on elemental concentrations in human tissues, Liebscher and Smith (1968) hypothesized that the frequency distributions of concentrations for essential elements were normal distributions, whereas the frequency distributions for nonessential elements were lognormal distributions. Although Liebscher and Smith's justifications for this hypothesis are flawed, other researchers have reported similar observations. We measured the concentrations of Cd, Ca, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Hg, K, Se, Na, and Zn in the muscle, liver, and egg tissues of female largemouth bass to determine (1) to what extent the frequency distributions of elemental concentrations are affected by errors in measuring concentrations and (2) whether the previously observed differences between essential and nonessential elements could be demonstrated if we restricted our comparisons to only those elements whose concentrations can be accurately measured. Variance component analyses of elemental concentrations in muscle tissue indicated that variations among replicate tissue samples due to measuring errors were large relative to the variations among individual fish for Cd, Ca, Mn, K, and Na. For elements where variation among individuals was not obscured by errors in measuring concentrations, there were no apparent differences between the frequency distributions for the essential elements, Cr, Cu,Fe, Se, and Zn, and the distributions for the nonessential elements, Pb and Hg. The hypothesis of Liebscher and Smith was not supported by our data.

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