“…When F508del-CFTR surface expression is restored, it retains some function however its stability in the plasma ABBREVIATIONS: ABT888, 2-[(2R)-2-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]-1H-benzimidazole-4-carboxamide; BHK, baby hamster kidney; 4m8C, 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxochromene-8-carbaldehyde; CF, cystic fibrosis; CFBE, cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial; CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; DR2313, DR2313 (2-methyl-1,5,7,8-tetrahydrothiopyrano[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4-one); ER, endoplasmic reticulum; HA, hemagglutinin; HEK, human embryonic kidney; HTS, high-throughput screening; IRE-1, inositol-requiring enzyme 1; MCG315, 2,3-dihydro-1H-2-benzazepin-1-one; MCG559,2, membrane and open probability are reduced compared with wild-type channels (Lukacs et al, 1993;Hwang and Sheppard, 2009). The ability of some small molecules to partially restore F508del-CFTR trafficking has encouraged the development of drug candidates (Sato et al, 1996;Rubenstein et al, 1997;Egan et al, 2004;Carlile et al, 2007;Robert et al, 2008Robert et al, , 2010Van Goor et al, 2011;Clancy et al, 2012). However, only VX-809 (Lumacaftor) (Selleckchem, Houston TX) [3-{6-{[1-(2,2-Difluoro-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)cyclopropanecarbonyl]amino}-3-methylpyridin-2-yl}benzoic acid] and its analog VX-661 [1-(2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-[1-[(2R)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-6-fluoro-2-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropan-2-yl)indol-5-yl]cyclopropane-1-carboxamide] have progressed to clinical trials (Clancy et al, 2012), with VX-809 having only limited success in restoring F508-del-CFTR function in patients (Grasemann and Ratjen, 2010).…”