Structural analyses of lipid A from lipopolysaccharides of nodulating and non-nodulating Rhizobium trifolii

Russa, Ryszard; Lüderitz, Otto; Rietschel, Ernst

doi:10.1007/bf00428838

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The second article states that R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii lipid A contains a phosphorylated glucosamine disaccharide (27). Russa et al (27) also mention the presence of unidentified components.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of lipid A variants with 27-hydroxyoctacosanoic acid in lipopolysaccharides from members of the family Rhizobiaceae

et al. 1991

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Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) isolated from several strains of Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Agrobacterium, and Azorhizobium were screened for the presence of 27-hydroxyoctacosanoic acid. The LPSs from all strains, with the exception of Azorhizobium caulinodans, contained various amounts of this long-chain hydroxy fatty acid in the lipid A fractions. Analysis of the lipid A sugars revealed three types of backbones: those containing glucosamine (as found in Rhizobium meliloti and RhizobiumfrediO), those containing glucosamine and galacturonic acid (as found in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli, trifolii, and viciae), and those containing 2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxyglucose either alone or in combination with glucosamine (as found in Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Bradyrhizobium sp.[Lupinus] strain DSM 30140). The distribution of 27-hydroxyoctacosanoic acid as well as analysis of lipid A backbone sugars revealed the taxonomic relatedness of various strains of the Rhizobiaceae.Bacteria belonging to the family Rhizobiaceae are gram negative and are able to form nitrogen-fixing symbiotic relationships with legume plants. There are three distinct genera: the symbiotic nitrogen-fixing Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium spp. and the plant pathogenic Agrobacterium spp. Quite recently a new genus, so far comprising only the stem-nodulating nitrogen-fixing species Azorhizobium caulinodans, was defined (13). Of these genera, the species of Rhizobium are taxonomically closely related and show genetic similarities to the genus Agrobacterium as evidenced by 16S rRNA homology studies (12). On the other hand, the slowly growing species of Bradyrhizobium are rather distantly related to the other two genera as revealed by their low SAB values determined by DNA-rRNA hybridization studies (1). In addition to the nucleotide sequence homology studies, differentiation of various members of the Rhizobiaceae has been attempted by several chemotaxonomic approaches such as cellular fatty acid analysis (21, 31), polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cellular proteins (19), and composition analysis of extracellular gum (26). However, results of these studies were not sufficient to adequately distinguish between members of the Rhizobiaceae. More recently, the backbone sugar composition of lipid A fractions of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has been used as a taxonomic marker for recognition and relatedness of various nonsulfur bacteria (23). Therefore, in this study, the lipid A fractions from rhizobial LPSs were examined to see whether they represented a marker for determining the relatedness of these bacteria.The surface polysaccharides, including the LPS, of strains of Rhizobium have been hypothesized to be involved in the molecular mechanisms of symbiotic infection (5). In an attempt to elucidate the structure of LPS from rhizobial strains, an unusual very-long-chain hydroxy fatty acid, 27-hydroxyoctacosanoic acid (27-OH-28:0), was discovered to be the major fatty acid constituent of the lipid A region (15). More recently, we have also identified this long-cha...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of lipid A variants with 27-hydroxyoctacosanoic acid in lipopolysaccharides from members of the family Rhizobiaceae

et al. 1991

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“…R. leguminosarum strains 24 (wild type parental) and 24AR (lacking the 4Ј-phosphatase) (17) were obtained from R. Russa (Marie Curie Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland) (25). Wild type R. meliloti 1021 was obtained from S. Long (Stanford University).…”

Section: Chemicals and Materials-[␥-mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3, panel B, lanes 3, 5, and 7). R. leguminosarum 24AR (25) was used in all subsequent enzymatic experiments because mannosyl transferase activity appears to be significantly higher in extracts of this strain (Fig. 3, panel B, lane 6).…”

Section: A Mannosyl Transferase That Recognizes Kdo 2 -Lipid IV a Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipopolysaccharide Core Glycosylation in Rhizobium leguminosarum

Kadrmas¹,

Brozek

Raetz

1996

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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The lipopolysaccharide structure of the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Rhizobium leguminosarum differs from that of Escherichia coli in several ways, one of which is the sugar composition of the core. The E. coli inner core consists of 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (Kdo) and L-glycero-D-manno-heptose (heptose), while the inner core of R. leguminosarum contains 2-keto-3-deoxy-Dmanno-octulosonic acid (Kdo), mannose, galactose, and galacturonic acid. The two Kdo residues and their linkages appear to be identical in both species. The linkages of heptose in E. coli and of mannose in R. leguminosarum to Kdo are both ␣1-5. We now characterize a membrane-associated glycosyl transferase in R. leguminosarum extracts that incorporates mannose into nascent lipopolysaccharide, using Kdo 2 -lipid IV A as the acceptor and GDP-mannose (or synthetic ADP-mannose) as the donor. The mannosyl transferase is associated with the inner membrane. The apparent K m values for GDP-mannose and Kdo 2 -lipid IV A are 4.3 M and 7.1 M, respectively, in the presence of excess co-substrate. Extracts of E. coli do not catalyze GDP-mannose-dependent glycosylation of Kdo 2 -lipid IV A , but they are active when ADPmannose is substituted for GDP-mannose. Given the structural similarity of ADP-mannose to ADP-heptose, we examined the possibility that heptosyl transferase I of E. coli (the product of the rfaC gene) catalyzes mannose transfer from ADP-mannose to Kdo 2 -lipid IV A . Extracts of E. coli mutants defective in the rfaC gene are unable carry out ADP-mannose-dependent glycosylation of Kdo 2 -lipid IV A . Plasmids bearing rfaC ؉ not only restore the missing activity but also direct its overexpression. Our assay using ADP-mannose as a substitute for ADP-heptose (which is not readily available) should facilitate the purification and characterization of heptosyl transferase I of E. coli. The GDP-mannose-dependent enzyme of R. leguminosarum may represent a functional equivalent of E. coli RfaC.

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“…Rhizobium lipid A appears to be much like that of Escherichia coli and Salmonella species (32, 35,36). As with the enterobacteria, most of the variability of rhizobial LPS resides in the carbohydrate moiety, which may vary as greatly between strains of the same species as between species (4,47).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipopolysaccharide mutants of Rhizobium meliloti are not defective in symbiosis

1989

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Mutants of Rhizobium meliloti selected primarily for bacteriophage resistance fall into 13 groups. Mutants in the four best-characterized groups (class A, lpsB, lpsC, and class D), which map to the rhizobial chromosome, appear to affect lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as judged by the reactivity with monoclonal antibodies and behavior on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels of extracted LPS. Mutations in all 13 groups, in an otherwise wild-type genetic background, are Fix+ on alfalfa. This suggests that LPS does not play a major role in symbiosis. Mutations in lpsB, however, are Fix- in one particular genetic background, evidently because of the cumulative effect of several independent background mutations. In addition, an auxotrophic mutation evidently equivalent to Escherichia coli carAB is Fix- on alfalfa.

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Structural analyses of lipid A from lipopolysaccharides of nodulating and non-nodulating Rhizobium trifolii

Cited by 28 publications

References 28 publications

Occurrence of lipid A variants with 27-hydroxyoctacosanoic acid in lipopolysaccharides from members of the family Rhizobiaceae

Occurrence of lipid A variants with 27-hydroxyoctacosanoic acid in lipopolysaccharides from members of the family Rhizobiaceae

Lipopolysaccharide Core Glycosylation in Rhizobium leguminosarum

Lipopolysaccharide mutants of Rhizobium meliloti are not defective in symbiosis

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