Structural analysis of A-type or B-type highly polymeric proanthocyanidins by thiolytic degradation and the implication in their inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase

Comparison of in vitro anti-lipase and antioxidant activities, and composition of commercial chokeberry juices

“…The mDP of proanthocyanidins occurring in chokeberry fruit was determined as 59 [36] or in the acetone fruit extract as 19 [34]. The published studies have shown that anti-lipase activity of proanthocyanidins depends upon the degree of polymerization and more potent effect was observed for higher DP [27,37]. For example, the IC 50 values determined with the use of 4-MUO as the substrate were as follows: for dimer >125 μg/ml, but 32.9 and only 0.9 μg/ml for trimer and procyanidins over nonamer, respectively [27].…”

Persimmon tannin alleviates hepatic steatosis in L02 cells by targeting miR-122 and miR-33b and its effects closely associated with the A type ECG dimer and EGCG dimer structural units

“…It is known that bioactivities of proanthocyanidins are largely related to their chemical structures, such as monomer compositions, the linkage type of interflavan bonds and the degree of polymerization (Dong et al, 2013;Kimura, Ogawa, Akihiro, & Yokota, 2011). We proposed that the strong anti-hyperlipidemic effect of persimmon tannin may be a consequence of its unusual structure features.…”

A-type ECG and EGCG dimers disturb the structure of 3T3-L1 cell membrane and strongly inhibit its differentiation by targeting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ with miR-27 involved mechanism

“…It was reported that some polyphenols suppressed PPARγ expression in 3T3-L1 A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 4 cells by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) [12], while some reports indicated that the expression of PPARγ was modified by several specific microRNAs ( miRNAs) such as miR-27a and miR-27b [17,18] . It is known that bioactivities of proanthocyanidins are largely related to their chemical structures, such as monomer compositions, the linkage type of interflavan bonds and the degree of polymerization [19,20]. Previous reports strongly suggested that the influence of polyphenols on adipocyte hyperplasia and the underlying mechanisms were highly structure-dependent [21,22].…”