Structural Analysis of Mogrol and its Glycosides as Inhibitors of Animal DNA Polymerase and Human Cancer Cell Growth

Abstract

Mogroside I E 1 (compound 3), a steroidal glycoside (i.e., mogroside) isolated from traditional Chinese medicinal plants (Momordica grosvenori) selectively inhibited the activities of animal DNA polymerases from mammals, fish and insects in vitro. The compound showed no effect on the activities of DNA polymerases from plants and procaryotes, and other DNA metabolic enzymes tested. Compound 3 also inhibited human cancer cell growth. Since parts of compound 3 such as mogrol (compound 1) and D-glucose (compound 2) did not influence the activities of any enzymes tested, the converted structure of compounds 1 and 2 might be important for DNA polymerase inhibition and the suppression of cancer cell growth. The other four mogrolal glycosides (i.e., compounds 4 -7) did not influence the inhibition of DNA polymerase activity and human cancer cell proliferation. The relationship between the three-dimensional molecular structure of mogrol-based compounds and these inhibitory activities is discussed.

Metabolism of Two Mogroside Isomers, Mogroside III and Mogroside IIIE, in Normal and Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme-Induced Rats

“…Mogrosides are cucurbitane-type triterpenoid saponins, which are also regarded as the major bioactive constituents of Luo Han Guo. , Mogrosides are often used as a noncaloric natural sweeteners due to their intense sweet taste and lack of adverse effects. , In addition, these mogrosides possess various pharmacological activities, and their main structural differences are in their glycones (Figure ). − …”

Biotransformation of Mogrosides from Siraitia grosvenorii Swingle by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

“…2 Mogrosides have recently been classified as "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) substances by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 3 Several studies have reported that mogroside extracts have various biological activities, including antioxidative, 4 anti-inflammatory, 5 anticarcinogenic, 6 and anti-infective (against human herpes virus IV 7 ) properties. In addition, the bioactivities of certain specific mogrosides have been described.…”

Inhibitory Effect on Replicative DNA Polymerases, Human Cancer Cell Proliferation, and In Vivo Anti-Tumor Activity by Glycolipids from Spinach

“…Based on this idea, we have found many new pol inhibitors over the past 10 years, e.g. long-chain fatty acids [3][4][5][6][7][8], conjugated fatty acids [9][10][11], bile acids such as lithocholic acid [12][13][14], steroidal glycosides [15,16], steviol derivatives [17], sulfoglycolipids [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31], catechins [32][33][34], curcumin [35][36][37][38], SQDG is a major glycolipid of the chloroplast membrane in plants [46]. We have widely screened for the glycolipids fraction containing SQDG from common vegetables that show such inhibitory activity, and found that spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) had the largest amount of SQDG and was the strongest pol inhibitor in the tested vegetables [47].…”