“…[5][6][7][8][10][11][12][13] So far, noble metal-based catalysts, especially Pt-based ones, are known to be the most active catalyst at low temperature for thermal oxidation of VOCs. 5,6,14 However, their high costs and limited abundance make it difficult to use them in large-scale applications. Thus, noble-metal free catalysts based on other transition metal-oxides (MnO, CuO, Co 3 O 4 , NiO, etc.)…”