Structural and chemical analysis of hard carbon negative electrode for Na-ion battery with X-ray Raman scattering and solid-state NMR spectroscopy

Rajh, Ava; Gabrijelčič, Matej; Tratnik, Blaž; Bučar, Klemen; Arčon, Iztok; Petric, Marko; Dominko, Robert; Vizintin, Alen; Kavčič, Matjaž

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119398

Carbon

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2024.119398

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Structural and chemical analysis of hard carbon negative electrode for Na-ion battery with X-ray Raman scattering and solid-state NMR spectroscopy

Ava Rajh,

Matej Gabrijelčič,

Blaž Tratnik

et al.

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Cited by 2 publications

References 53 publications

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Unveiling the Critical Role of Pre‐Hydrothermal Effect in Plant Biowaste‐Derived Hard Carbon for Superior Rate Capability and Cycle Life in Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Ishaq,

Jabeen,

et al. 2024

Advanced Energy Materials

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Leveraging economically viable plant bio‐waste‐derived hard carbon (HC) anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries is logical. Many plants' bio‐waste materials are used as HC precursors, but their fabrication process is usually limited by direct carbonization which constrains their large‐scale sustainability. Herein, the critical role of the pre‐hydrothermal carbonization effect in regulating the structure and interfacial Na+ storage mechanism/performance of HC derived from oak leaves (OL) biowaste (OLHC) is reported. The resultant OLHC demonstrates a high‐reversible capacity (378 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C), superior rate performance (272.9 mAh g−1 at 10 C), remarkable cycling performance (75% after 8000 cycles at 10 C), and adequate ICE (85%). Advanced ex/in situ characterization combined with theoretical calculations reveals that hydrothermal pre‐regulation of OLHC stabilizes the spherical particles, introducing more active sites and promoting surface properties with oxygen dopant‐induced defects, which shows uneven surface electrostatic potential and lower activation energy for Na+ adsorption thus generates a thin layer of PF6−/NaF‐enriched core‐shell‐like SEI modulation with organic–inorganic composition. This enables fast interfacial Na+ diffusion kinetics, contributing to high‐capacity retention and stable cycling performance. The studies offer a systematic understanding of the pre‐hydrothermal strategy for the structural design of HC from plant‐leaves‐biowaste with true sustainability and improved performance for SIBs.

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Unveiling the Critical Role of Pre‐Hydrothermal Effect in Plant Biowaste‐Derived Hard Carbon for Superior Rate Capability and Cycle Life in Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Ishaq,

Jabeen,

et al. 2024

Advanced Energy Materials

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Probing sodium structures and dynamics in hard carbon for Na-ion batteries using ²³Na operando solid-state NMR spectroscopy

Gabrijelčič,

Tratnik,

Kapun

et al. 2025

J. Mater. Chem. A

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Structural and chemical analysis of hard carbon negative electrode for Na-ion battery with X-ray Raman scattering and solid-state NMR spectroscopy

Cited by 2 publications

References 53 publications

Unveiling the Critical Role of Pre‐Hydrothermal Effect in Plant Biowaste‐Derived Hard Carbon for Superior Rate Capability and Cycle Life in Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Unveiling the Critical Role of Pre‐Hydrothermal Effect in Plant Biowaste‐Derived Hard Carbon for Superior Rate Capability and Cycle Life in Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Probing sodium structures and dynamics in hard carbon for Na-ion batteries using ²³Na operando solid-state NMR spectroscopy

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Structural and chemical analysis of hard carbon negative electrode for Na-ion battery with X-ray Raman scattering and solid-state NMR spectroscopy

Cited by 2 publications

References 53 publications

Unveiling the Critical Role of Pre‐Hydrothermal Effect in Plant Biowaste‐Derived Hard Carbon for Superior Rate Capability and Cycle Life in Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Unveiling the Critical Role of Pre‐Hydrothermal Effect in Plant Biowaste‐Derived Hard Carbon for Superior Rate Capability and Cycle Life in Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Probing sodium structures and dynamics in hard carbon for Na-ion batteries using 23Na operando solid-state NMR spectroscopy

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About

Probing sodium structures and dynamics in hard carbon for Na-ion batteries using ²³Na operando solid-state NMR spectroscopy