Structural and Dielectric Properties of La0.5Pr0.2Ba0.3Mn1−xTixO3 (x = 0.0 and 0.1) Manganite

Microstructural properties, dielectric behaviour, conduction mechanism, impedance, and electrical modulus of La0.65Ca0.25Sr0.1MnO3 manganite

“…Indeed, the activation energy Ea value obtained from the slope of Ln ( dc •T) versus 1000/T plot is found to be 0.14 eV. The values of activation energy obtained from other perovskite were close to those values found by the present work [22,30]. At low and high temperatures, the obtained values of Ea are around 0.13 and 0.14 eV and these values are linked to the oxygen vacancies: At low temperatures, the values of the activation energy of the electrical conduction indicate that the electron hopping and V * O are responsible for electrical conduction as these values are much less than that V * * O .…”

“…We note also that the dc-conductivity of this sample increases when T increases. The same behaviour has been observed in other perovskite materials [22][23][24]. The electrical conductivity for R 1−x A x MnO 3 manganites ensures through the electron jump between Mn 3+ ↔ Mn 4+ ions [25].…”

“…8, we plot the Ln( ) versus 1000/T. The activation energy can be acquired using the Arrhenius law given as: where 0 is the pre-exponential factor and k B is Boltzmann's constant [44]. It is worth observing that the value of the activation energy is equal to 0.16 eV and is close to that deduced by DC analysis.…”

Optical and dielectric properties of silver-substituted ZnAl2O4 spinels synthesized using a sol-gel auto-combustion method

“…The same type of evolution has been observed in other compounds. 51,52 As shown in Fig. 7a and b, for x ¼ 0.05, the values of m are proportional to the temperature, which matches the nonoverlapping small polaron tunneling (NSPT) 53 model, and then decrease with increasing temperature, suggesting the (CBH) model.…”

Effect of frequency on the classical and relaxor ferroelectric behavior of substituted titanate Ba0.7Er0.16Ca0.05Ti0.91Sn0.09O3

“…It was discovered that the resistance of the grains ( R g ) is greater than the resistance of the grain boundaries ( R gb ), indicating that the grain boundaries are the primary contributor to the conductivity in our case. 46…”