Structural and Functional Adaptive Artificial Bone: Materials, Fabrications, and Properties

Abstract

It is an urgent need that defect repair can develop from simple device fixation to living tissue reconstruction, from short life function replacement to permanent regeneration repair. At present, bone transplantation has become the second largest transplantation surgery after blood transfusion, and artificial bone transplantation generates great hope for the repair and treatment of bone defect. In order to repair bone defect, artificial bone must have good biological properties and sufficient mechanical properties, and it should also have the shape matching to bone defect site and the connected porous structure. For structures and properties requirements of artificial bone, in this review three major challenges faced by artificial bone transplantation are systemtically analyzed and current methods and strategies to address these issues are discussed: 1) the need for developing a type of bone scaffold material with both biological and mechanical properties, 2) the need for realizing the controllable fabrication of individual shape and multistage pore structure of bone scaffold, 3) the need for realizing the transformation from man‐made structure to biological structure. Besides, it summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of these methods and discusses the potential future directions of structural and functional adaptive artificial bone for bone defect regeneration.

An electrical microenvironment constructed based on electromagnetic induction stimulates neural differentiation

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Sustained Endogenous Nitric Oxide Catalytic System Endows Skin Scaffolds with Antibiofilm and Antibacterial Activities

“…After ultrasonically stirring and drying, the mixed powder was further mechanically ground for 30 min. A PPDO/Cu@ZIF-8 porous skin scaffold was prepared by a selective laser sintering (SLS) technique according to the previous process. − The preparation parameters were set as a laser scanning speed of 400 mm/s, laser power of 6 W, a line spacing of 0.24 mm, and a monolayer thickness of 0.15 mm. In addition, the PPDO/ZIF-8 and PPDO scaffolds were prepared with the same parameters set as the comparison groups.…”

Regeneration of Mechanically Enhanced Tissue-Engineered Cartilage Based on the Decalcified Bone Matrix Framework

“…In addition, they can regenerate sufficient living cartilage tissue in vitro, making tissue engineering an ideal treatment option for cartilage defective diseases. All materials currently used for tissue-engineered osteochondral repair have their own advantages and disadvantages. , The properties of the materials used, including their degradation products, biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and other characteristics, are important factors for evaluating tissue-engineered materials. A poor mechanical strength and a too fast degradation rate may not allow for an efficient tissue repair.…”