Structural and functional changes in the somatosensory cortex in euthymic females with bipolar disorder

Minuzzi, Luciano; Syan, Sabrina K.; Smith, Mara; Hall, Alexander; Hall, Geoffrey B.; Frey, Benício N.

doi:10.1177/0004867417746001

Cited by 49 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The posterior cingulate cortex is highly connected to the default mode network (68)(69)(70), and the anterior insula plays a role in self-awareness, interoceptive information processing, and perception of touch and pain (71). In line with that, somatosensory-related neuroanatomy and function (5,7,72), perception and emotion recognition (73-75), visual (affect) processing (76)(77)(78)(79), and self-referential cognitive processes (80) have been implicated in BD, and alterations in the identification and evaluation of emotions are a hallmark of BD (81). Thus, our findings tentatively suggest that networks involved in sensory perception and emotion processing may play a role in progressive features of BD.…”

Section: Longitudinal Cortical Changes In Bipolar Disordersupporting

confidence: 83%

Longitudinal Cortical Thickness Changes in Bipolar Disorder and the Relationship to Genetic Risk, Mania, and Lithium Use

Abé

Liberg

Song

et al. 2020

Biological Psychiatry

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BACKGROUND: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a highly heritable psychiatric disorder characterized by episodes of manic and depressed mood states and associated with cortical brain abnormalities. Although the course of BD is often progressive, longitudinal brain imaging studies are scarce. It remains unknown whether brain abnormalities are static traits of BD or result from pathological changes over time. Moreover, the genetic effect on implicated brain regions remains unknown. METHODS: Patients with BD and healthy control (HC) subjects underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging at baseline (123 patients, 83 HC subjects) and after 6 years (90 patients, 61 HC subjects). Cortical thickness maps were generated using FreeSurfer. Using linear mixed effects models, we compared longitudinal changes in cortical thickness between patients with BD and HC subjects across the whole brain. We related our findings to genetic risk for BD and tested for effects of demographic and clinical variables. RESULTS: Patients showed abnormal cortical thinning of temporal cortices and thickness increases in visual/somatosensory brain areas. Thickness increases were related to genetic risk and lithium use. Patients who experienced hypomanic or manic episodes between time points showed abnormal thinning in inferior frontal cortices. Cortical changes did not differ between diagnostic BD subtypes I and II. CONCLUSIONS: In the largest longitudinal BD study to date, we detected abnormal cortical changes with high anatomical resolution. We delineated regional effects of clinical symptoms, genetic factors, and medication that may explain progressive brain changes in BD. Our study yields important insights into disease mechanisms and suggests that neuroprogression plays a role in BD.

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Section: Longitudinal Cortical Changes In Bipolar Disordersupporting

confidence: 83%

Longitudinal Cortical Thickness Changes in Bipolar Disorder and the Relationship to Genetic Risk, Mania, and Lithium Use

Abé

Liberg

Song

et al. 2020

Biological Psychiatry

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“…These regions are implicated in emotional processing and regulation, with dlPFC implicated in more effortful appraisal and reappraisal strategies, hippocampus supporting implicit context-related reappraisal processes 31 , and right somatosensory cortex implicated in emotion processing and experience of emotions 32 , 33 . Our findings also parallel reports of greater left dlPFC 34 – 36 and hippocampal 36 activity during emotional regulation in adults and youth with BD-type-I vs. adults with BD-type-II and healthy adults, and vs. healthy youth, respectively; and abnormally elevated resting state functional connectivity in the somatosensory cortex in adults with BD-types-I and II 37 . Abnormally elevated activity in these regions might thus reflect either a compensatory recruitment of these regions to facilitate emotional regulation, or aberrant appraisal (and reappraisal) of face stimuli and heightened emotional experience during task performance, predisposing to the development of depressive and manic symptoms in BD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Emotional regulation neural circuitry abnormalities in adult bipolar disorder: dissociating effects of long-term depression history from relationships with present symptoms

et al. 2020

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Bipolar disorder (BD) is common and debilitating and confounding effects of depression history on neural activity in BD are unknown. We aimed to dissociate neural activity reflecting past depression-load vs. present symptom severity using the Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth (COBY), a prospective longitudinal cohort study of pediatric-onset BD. In n = 54 COBY (18–32 years), we modeled depression scores over time (up to 17.5 years) using a standardized autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model, followed by k-means cluster analysis. N = 36 healthy participants (HC, 20–36 years) were included. Using two factorial analyses, we parsed the impact of ARMA-defined past depression-load on neural activity from the impact of current symptoms on neural activity (p < 0.001, k > 30) and examined relationships with past and present symptoms (ps FDR-corrected). ARMA identified three COBY groups based on past depression-load. ARMA-defined COBY participants with the greatest past depression-load vs. other groups showed greater activity in right temporoparietal junction, thalamus, insula, premotor cortex, left fusiform gyrus, bilateral precuneus and cerebellum. In contrast, BD-COBY participants vs. HC showed greater activity in left hippocampus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and right somatosensory cortex, plus the above thalamus, premotor cortex and cerebellum; activity positively correlated with present symptom severity in most regions. Past depression-load was related to social cognition and salience perception network activity, potentially reflecting heightened attention to socially relevant distracters, while present symptoms were associated with emotion processing and reappraisal network activity, potentially reflecting abnormal emotional experience and regulation. Differentiating aberrant neural activity related to long-term depression vs. present affective symptoms can help target interventions to networks associated with pathophysiological processes, rather than long-term illness effects.

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“…A common alteration seen in the somatosensory cortex in mood disorders is changes in gray matter volume 45-49. For example, one study found increased right SI gray matter volume in patients with comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders 45.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From anatomy to function: the role of the somatosensory cortex in emotional regulation

Kropf

Syan

Minuzzi

et al. 2019

Braz. J. Psychiatry

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272

161

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Since the pioneering work of Penfield and his colleagues in the 1930s, the somatosensory cortex, which is located on the postcentral gyrus, has been known for its central role in processing sensory information from various parts of the body. More recently, a converging body of literature has shown that the somatosensory cortex also plays an important role in each stage of emotional processing, including identification of emotional significance in a stimulus, generation of emotional states, and regulation of emotion. Importantly, studies conducted in individuals suffering from mental disorders associated with abnormal emotional regulation, such as major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and panic disorders, specific phobia, obesity, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, have found structural and functional changes in the somatosensory cortex. Common observations in the somatosensory cortices of individuals with mood disorders include alterations in gray matter volume, cortical thickness, abnormal functional connectivity with other brain regions, and changes in metabolic rates. These findings support the hypothesis that the somatosensory cortex may be a treatment target for certain mental disorders. In this review, we discuss the anatomy, connectivity, and functions of the somatosensory cortex, with a focus on its role in emotional regulation.

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Structural and functional changes in the somatosensory cortex in euthymic females with bipolar disorder

Cited by 49 publications

References 70 publications

Longitudinal Cortical Thickness Changes in Bipolar Disorder and the Relationship to Genetic Risk, Mania, and Lithium Use

Longitudinal Cortical Thickness Changes in Bipolar Disorder and the Relationship to Genetic Risk, Mania, and Lithium Use

Emotional regulation neural circuitry abnormalities in adult bipolar disorder: dissociating effects of long-term depression history from relationships with present symptoms

From anatomy to function: the role of the somatosensory cortex in emotional regulation

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