Structural and functional comparison between the stability systems ParD of plasmid R1 and Ccd of plasmid F

Ruiz-Echevarría, María J.; Torrontegui, G. de; Giménez‐Gallego, Guillermo; Dı́az-Orejas, Ramón

doi:10.1007/bf00261674

Cited by 36 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The data presented here and elsewhere (Ruiz-Echevarria et al, 1991b) strongly suggest a common origin tot parD and ccd systems. As such, it is interesting to note tiiat the ccd system is confined to F-like plasmids, while parD-like systems are widespread in eubacterial genomes (Gerdes, 2000;Mittenhuber, 1999 The low copy number plasmid RK2/RP4 is stebly inherited for many generations within a broad range of gram negative bacterial hosts.…”

Section: Oral Presentationssupporting

confidence: 77%

Plasmid Biology 2002. An International Symposium, June 22-28, 2002, Pittsburgh, PA USA

Khan¹

2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Oral Presentationssupporting

confidence: 77%

Plasmid Biology 2002. An International Symposium, June 22-28, 2002, Pittsburgh, PA USA

Khan¹

2002

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Even though the genes in general do not exhibit sequence similarity, the genetic structures and functions of the components of the TA loci are quite similar, thus favoring the suggestion that they arose from a common ancestral gene. This conjecture is supported by the finding that the antitoxins of ccd of F and pem/parD of R100/R1 exhibit weak sequence similarity (74).…”

Section: Plasmid-encoded Ta Locimentioning

confidence: 82%

Toxin-Antitoxin Modules May Regulate Synthesis of Macromolecules during Nutritional Stress

Gerdes¹

2000

J Bacteriol

269

289

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The recent enormous expansion of the microbial DNA databases has made it profitable to search for homologues and paralogues (homologues within species) of interesting genes. In combination with genetic, biochemical, and physiological investigations, such analyses may yield new, valuable information with impact on entire research fields. Here I present one such example, the combined description and database analyses of toxin-antitoxin (TA) loci from prokaryotes.Naturally occurring plasmids are genetically stable. In most cases, stable plasmid inheritance is due to the presence of gene cassettes that actively prevent plasmid loss at cell division. These cassettes can be divided into three classes: (i) centromere-like systems that actively secure ordered segregation of replicons prior to cell division (31,39,40,97), (ii) site-specific recombination systems that actively resolve tandem plasmid multimers into monomers (81, 85), and (iii) cassettes that mediate killing of newborn, plasmid-free cells resulting from failure of the first two systems to secure plasmid maintenance. This latter, paradoxical type of cell differentiation has been termed postsegregational killing (PSK) (24). Two types of PSK mechanisms have been described in detail at the molecular level. In both cases, the killing of plasmid-free progeny relies on stable toxins whose action or expression is counteracted by metabolically unstable regulators. The instability of the regulators results in activation of the toxins in cells that have lost the toxin-encoding plasmid. In one type of PSK mechanism, the regulators are unstable antisense RNAs that inhibit the translation of stable, toxin-encoding mRNAs (i.e., the hok mRNAs). The instability of the antisense RNAs leads to activation of translation of the toxin-encoding mRNAs specifically in plasmid-free cells, thereby leading to their elimination. The complex posttranscriptional regulation of the hok genes has been reviewed previously (26) and will not be discussed further here.The other type of PSK mechanism relies on stable toxins whose action is prevented by cognate protein antitoxins (reviewed previously in references 35, 38, and 42). Again, the indigenous instability of the antitoxins (also called antidotes by some researchers) leads to activation of the toxins in plasmidfree cells. The PSK phenotype results in increased plasmid maintenance, since plasmid-free progeny have a much lower chance of survival than the plasmid-bearing cells. Accordingly, the plasmid-encoded TA loci have also been called plasmid addiction modules and proteic plasmid stabilization systems, terms that should be used exclusively for the plasmid-encoded loci. Here I present an overview combined with a database analysis of prokaryotic TA loci, with emphasis on recent findings. The ubiquity of the TA loci in prokaryotic chromosomes indicates that they have function(s) unrelated to plasmid maintenance. Two such potential alternative functions are discussed here. The general phenomenon of programmed cell death in bacteria has been...

show abstract

“…In analogy, antidote proteins of these functional homologous addiction systems most probably belong to this fold family as well, even though the systems are only related weakly at the protein-sequence level. Homology has been reported for ccdA and pemI [40] as well as for mazE (chpAI ) [41], and within the large family of relBE systems [14]. Amongst all the characterized antidote proteins, the closest related to ParD is PasA from the Gram-negative acidophilic bacterium Thiobacillus ferrooxidans [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upon an increase in the TFE concentration (from 0 to 5,10,20,30,40,50,60,70 and 80 %) the α-helical content rose gradually (from 37 to 44, 50, 53, 55, 62, 65, 68, 70 and 72 %) with an isodichroic point at 200.4 nm (Figure 6). The same titration was investigated using NMR spectroscopy.…”

Section: Tfe-induced Secondary-structure Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anti-toxin ParD of plasmid RK2 consists of two structurally distinct moieties and belongs to the ribbon-helix-helix family of DNA-binding proteins

Oberer

Zangger

PRYTULLA³

et al. 2001

Biochemical Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

NMR and CD spectroscopy have been used to characterize, both structurally and dynamically, the 82-amino-acid ParD protein of the post-segregational killing module of the broad-host-range plasmid RP4\RK2. ParD occurs as a dimer in solution and exercises two different control functions ; an autoregulatory function by binding to its own promoter P parDE and a plasmidstabilizing function by inhibiting ParE toxicity in cells that express ParD and ParE. Analysis of the secondary structure based on the chemical-shift indices, sequential nuclear Overhauser enhancements (NOEs) and $J H α -NH scalar coupling constants showed that the N-terminal domain of ParD consists of a short β-ribbon followed by three α-helices, demonstrating that ParD contains a ribbon-helix-helix fold, a DNA-binding motif found in a family of small prokaryotic repressors. "&N longitudinal

show abstract

Structural and functional comparison between the stability systems ParD of plasmid R1 and Ccd of plasmid F

Cited by 36 publications

References 30 publications

Plasmid Biology 2002. An International Symposium, June 22-28, 2002, Pittsburgh, PA USA

Plasmid Biology 2002. An International Symposium, June 22-28, 2002, Pittsburgh, PA USA

Toxin-Antitoxin Modules May Regulate Synthesis of Macromolecules during Nutritional Stress

The anti-toxin ParD of plasmid RK2 consists of two structurally distinct moieties and belongs to the ribbon-helix-helix family of DNA-binding proteins

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About