Structural and functional effects of early exposure to 4-nonylphenol on gonadal development of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): b-histological alterations in testes

Abstract

The present study investigates the effects of different doses (0, 40, 60, 100 μg/L) of 4-nonylphenol (NP) on testis histology and sperms motility of mature Oreochromis niloticus. A tendency for a dose-dependent reduction in the gonado-somatic index (GSI) in the NP-exposed groups was observed. Histological examination revealed that high doses of NP (60 and 100 μg/L) cause hyperplasia of interlobular connective tissue components coincide with decrease in the size of seminiferous lobules and amount of lumen spermatozoa in comparison with the control and low-dose (40 μg/L)-exposed groups. In addition, within the seminiferous lobules, rupture of spermatogenic cysts, vacuolation and necrosis of primary spermatocytes due to damage of sertoli cells were clearly observed and lead to decrease in advanced spermatogenic cells. The highest dose caused significant decrease in the GSI associated with appearance of testis-ova (intersex) state. The percentage of abnormal sperms increased with increasing the dose of NP reaching to 96 % for those subjected to 100 μg NP/L, while it was only 11 % for the control group specimens. The study indicates that NP has estrogenic potency induced marked alteration in the sexual development including inhibition in testicular growth and deformation in the sperms.

Triclosan, an antimicrobial drug, induced reproductive impairment in the freshwater fish, Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792)

“…Triclosan exposure significantly affected the gonadosomatic index in both sexes consistent with a previous study after sublethal exposure of chlordecone for 30 days to the cichlid fish, Pseudetroplus maculatus (Asifa and Chitra, 2019). Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus exposed to nonylphenol, an estrogenic compound, has been shown to cause a decline in GSI, which was found associated with histological lesions in the ovary, and reduction in the levels of estradiol and vitellogenin in the female fish (El-Sayed Ali et al, 2014). Similarly, male Nile tilapia exposed to diuron and its metabolites saw a reduction in GSI and altered testicular histology with a profound reduction in the levels of testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone thereby suggesting anti-androgenic activity of the herbicide (Pereira et al, 2015).…”

Temporal patterns of induction and recovery of biomarker transcriptional responses to 4‐Nonylphenol and 17β‐estradiol in the estuarine arrow goby, Clevelandia ios

“…Previous studies show that 4-NP sequesters in the liver, brain, gills, gonads, and tissues of fish (Ahel et al, 1994;Lewis and Lech, 1996;Coldham et al, 1998) and can cause negative consequences for reproduction and development (Colborn et al, 1993;Jobling et al, 1996;Christiansen et al, 1998;Tabata et al, 2001;Chandrasekar et al, 2011). Male fish exposed to 4-NP, for instance, have been found to exhibit a suite of defects including altered testicular structure, decreased sperm counts, intersex gonads, disrupted reproductive cycles, liver damage, and reduced growth (e.g., Christiansen et al, 1998;Servos, 1999;Tanaka and Grizzle, 2002;Kaptaner and € Unal, 2011;El-Sayed Ali et al, 2014;Traversi et al, 2014). And, even though 4-NP is approximately 1500 times less potent than E2 (Butwell et al, 2002), exposure to 4-NP either at concentrations in the range found commonly in sewage effluents or for only a brief duration of exposure is capable of activating intracellular ERs and inducing the expression of estrogen-regulated genes in juvenile and male fish (e.g., Soto et al, 1991;White et al, 1994;Arukwe et al, 2001Arukwe et al, , 2002Ackermann et al, 2002;Genovese et al, 2011;Brander et al, 2012).…”

Assessment of the hazard effect of an environmental pollutant, (2-OH-BDE 123) using zebrafish embryos.

“…In recent decades, concern has been increased regarding chemicals in the environment with the capacity to alter normal endocrine function in wildlife. The sources of such chemicals are diverse and effects have been observed in many vertebrates (El-Sayed Ali et al, 2014) Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are considered a class of such chemicals and are called organohalogens. These organohalogen compounds are produced in large quantities and are used extensively as flame-retardants in a wide range of products being ubiquitous in the environment (van Boxtel et al, 2008).…”