Structural and functional leaf diversity lead to variability in photosynthetic capacity across a range of <i>Juglans regia</i> genotypes

Momayyezi, Mina; Rippner, Devin A.; Duong, Fiona; Raja, Pranav V.; Brown, Patrick J.; Kluepfel, Daniel A.; Forrestel, Elisabeth J.; Gilbert, Matthew E.; McElrone, Andrew J.

doi:10.1111/pce.14370

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 107 publications

(155 reference statements)

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“…In addition, the differences in the number of pavement cells per stomata between genotypes also suggest another developmental polymorphism between the genotypes. Larger and thicker leaves have been previously linked to an adaptation to lowlands in Juglans (Momayyezi et al ., 2022 b ). Thus, longer palisade cells in Jamapa might be an adaptation to lower attitudes in the Mesoamerican region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, longer palisade cells in Jamapa might be an adaptation to lower attitudes in the Mesoamerican region. Such thick leaves offer a double advantage of utilizing more light energy through increased chloroplasts and a higher mesophyll conductance (Momayyezi et al ., 2022 b ). Therefore, leaf anatomical structure in Jamapa facilitates the efficient utilization of increasing light intensity, resulting in higher net photosynthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell Size Controls Photosynthetic Capacity in a Mesoamerican and an Andean Genotype ofPhaseolus vulgarisL

Egesa,

Eduardo Vallejos,

Begcy

2024

Preprint

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The efficiency of CO2flux in the leaf is hindered by a several structural and biochemical barriers which affect the overall net photosynthesis. However, the dearth of information about the genetic control of these features is limiting our ability for genetic manipulation. We performed a comparative analysis between a Mesoamerican and an Andean cultivar ofPhaseolus vulgarisat variable light and CO2levels. The Mesoamerican bean had higher photosynthetic rate, maximum rate of rubisco carboxylase activity and maximum rate of photosynthetic electron transport at light saturation conditions than its Andean counterpart. Leaf anatomy comparison between genotypes showed that the Mesoamerican bean had smaller cell sizes than the Andean bean. Smaller epidermal cells in the Mesoamerican bean resulted in higher stomata density and consequently higher stomatal conductance for water vapor and CO2than in the Andean bean. Likewise, smaller palisade and spongy mesophyll cells in the Mesoamerican than in the Andean bean increased the cell surface area per unit of volume and consequently increased mesophyll conductance. Finally, smaller cells in the Mesoamerican also increased chlorophyll and protein concentration per unit of leaf area. In summary, we show that differential cell size controls the overall net photosynthesis and could be used as a target for genetic manipulation to improve photosynthesis.HighlightPhotosyntheUc performance comparison between a Mesoamerican and an Andean bean genotype showed higher rate at increased light and CO2levels. Differences could be explained by variaUon in cell size.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Size Controls Photosynthetic Capacity in a Mesoamerican and an Andean Genotype ofPhaseolus vulgarisL

Egesa,

Eduardo Vallejos,

Begcy

2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Several common relationships held over the large range of values in various parameters (from three- to four-fold among the anatomical features and over seven- to eight-fold for gas exchange) generated here by growing several ecotypes under multiple combinations of growth conditions, including extremes in light and temperature. Positive associations between photosynthetic capacity and both leaf mass and thickness are typically found among leaves acclimated to different temperatures and PFDs [ 25 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]) and among different cultivars [ 71 , 72 ]. In a meta-analysis of 760 species, leaf dry mass per area, leaf thickness, and photosynthesis were all found to increase with increasing daily receipt of light [ 73 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foliar Phenotypic Plasticity Reflects Adaptation to Environmental Variability

Adams

Stewart

Polutchko

et al. 2023

Plants

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Arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes adapted to native habitats with different daylengths, temperatures, and precipitation were grown experimentally under seven combinations of light intensity and leaf temperature to assess their acclimatory phenotypic plasticity in foliar structure and function. There were no differences among ecotypes when plants developed under moderate conditions of 400 µmol photons m–2 s–1 and 25 °C. However, in response to more extreme light or temperature regimes, ecotypes that evolved in habitats with pronounced differences in either the magnitude of changes in daylength or temperature or in precipitation level exhibited pronounced adjustments in photosynthesis and transpiration, as well as anatomical traits supporting these functions. Specifically, when grown under extremes of light intensity (100 versus 1000 µmol photons m–2 s–1) or temperature (8 °C versus 35 °C), ecotypes from sites with the greatest range of daylengths and temperature over the growing season exhibited the greatest differences in functional and structural features related to photosynthesis (light- and CO2-saturated capacity of oxygen evolution, leaf dry mass per area or thickness, phloem cells per minor vein, and water-use efficiency of CO2 uptake). On the other hand, the ecotype from the habitat with the lowest precipitation showed the greatest plasticity in features related to water transport and loss (vein density, ratio of water to sugar conduits in foliar minor veins, and transpiration rate). Despite these differences, common structure–function relationships existed across all ecotypes and growth conditions, with significant positive, linear correlations (i) between photosynthetic capacity (ranging from 10 to 110 µmol O2 m−2 s−1) and leaf dry mass per area (from 10 to 75 g m−2), leaf thickness (from 170 to 500 µm), and carbohydrate-export infrastructure (from 6 to 14 sieve elements per minor vein, from 2.5 to 8 µm2 cross-sectional area per sieve element, and from 16 to 82 µm2 cross-sectional area of sieve elements per minor vein); (ii) between transpiration rate (from 1 to 17 mmol H2O m−2 s−1) and water-transport infrastructure (from 3.5 to 8 tracheary elements per minor vein, from 13.5 to 28 µm2 cross-sectional area per tracheary element, and from 55 to 200 µm2 cross-sectional area of tracheary elements per minor vein); (iii) between the ratio of transpirational water loss to CO2 fixation (from 0.2 to 0.7 mol H2O to mmol−1 CO2) and the ratio of water to sugar conduits in minor veins (from 0.4 to 1.1 tracheary to sieve elements, from 4 to 6 µm2 cross-sectional area of tracheary to sieve elements, and from 2 to 6 µm2 cross-sectional area of tracheary elements to sieve elements per minor vein); (iv) between sugar conduits and sugar-loading cells; and (v) between water conducting and sugar conducting cells. Additionally, the proportion of water conduits to sugar conduits was greater for all ecotypes grown experimentally under warm-to-hot versus cold temperature. Thus, developmental acclimation to the growth environment included ecotype-dependent foliar structural and functional adjustments resulting in multiple common structural and functional relationships.

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“…As a photosynthetic organ, leaves are crucial for plants, and their diversity in the appearance indicates the disparity in the ability to perform photosynthesis, which can ultimately impact plants’ fitness ( Dani et al., 2020 ; Momayyezi et al., 2022 ; Sun et al., 2023 ). Mature leaves usually display consistent traits, and their economic spectrum reflects the optimal allocation of resources based on the functional requirements of plants ( Wright et al., 2004 ; Bartholomew et al., 2022 ; Joswig et al., 2022 ; Sun et al., 2023 ), affecting the survival of plants in different environments ( Kumordzi et al., 2019 ; Lopez et al., 2021 ; Wang et al., 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional trait divergence associated with heteromorphic leaves in a climbing fig

Deng,

Wang,

Chen

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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IntroductionPlants that display heteroblasty possess conspicuous variations in leaf morphology between their juvenile and adult phases, with certain species retaining juvenile-like leaves even in adulthood. Nevertheless, the ecological advantages of maintaining two or more distinct leaf types in heteroblastic plants at the adult stage remain unclear.MethodThe aim of this study is to examine the adaptive significance of heteroblastic leaves sampled from branches with divergent functions (sterile and fertile branches) of mature Ficus pumila individuals by comparing their morphological, anatomical, and physiological characteristics.ResultLeaves on sterile branches (LSs) exhibited a significantly larger specific leaf area, thinner palisade and spongy tissues, lower chlorophyll contents, and lower light saturation points than leaves on fertile branches (LFs). These results demonstrate that LSs are better adapted to low light environments, while LFs are well equipped to take advantages of high light conditions. However, both LFs and LSs have a low light compensation point with no significant difference between them, indicating that they start to accumulate photosynthetic products under similar light conditions. Interestingly, significant higher net photosynthetic rate was detected in LFs, showing they have higher photosynthetic capacity. Furthermore, LFs produced significant more nutrients compared to LSs, which may associate to their ability of accumulating more photosynthetic products under full light conditions and higher photosynthetic capacity.DiscussionOverall, we observed a pattern of divergence in morphological features of leaves on two functional branches. Anatomical and physiological features indicate that LFs have an advantage in varied light conditions, providing amounts of photosynthetic products to support the sexual reproduction, while LSs adapt to low light environments. Our findings provide evidence that heteroblasty facilitates F. pumila to utilize varying light environments, likely associated with its growth form as a climbing plant. This strategy allows the plant to allocate resources more effectively and optimize its overall fitness.

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Structural and functional leaf diversity lead to variability in photosynthetic capacity across a range of Juglans regia genotypes

Cited by 11 publications

References 107 publications

Cell Size Controls Photosynthetic Capacity in a Mesoamerican and an Andean Genotype ofPhaseolus vulgarisL

Cell Size Controls Photosynthetic Capacity in a Mesoamerican and an Andean Genotype ofPhaseolus vulgarisL

Foliar Phenotypic Plasticity Reflects Adaptation to Environmental Variability

Functional trait divergence associated with heteromorphic leaves in a climbing fig

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