Structural and luminescent analysis of hafnium-doped yttrium oxide and yttrium-doped hafnium oxide powders and doped with trivalent europium and terbium ions

Efficient route for preparation of Nd3+ doped Y2O3 nanoparticles at intermediate temperature

“…RE-doped yttria nanopowders have been synthesized by several methods, such as hydrolysis, combustion, high-temperature solid-state reactions, sol-gel, precipitation, molten salt, solvothermal, hydrothermal, etc. In almost all the mentioned methods of producing yttrium oxide with or without RE-dopants, due to the amorphous nature of as-prepared samples, high-temperature crystallization reaches up to 1700 °C to obtain a highly crystalline state, which directly leads to an increase in the average particle size [ [1] , [2] , [3] , [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] , [24] , [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] ]. Of course, Chen et al reported the production of yttria in micron dimensions at a temperature of 600 °C [ 20 ].…”