“…Most of the limitations originate from their relatively large band gaps, and therefore, doping is systematically required to address different functions. Oxides can thus be used as transparent conductive materials (Sn-doped In 2 O 3 , ), magnetic semiconductors (transition metal doped ZnO , or TiO 2 ), half metallic materials for spintronic applications (La 2/3 Sr 1/3 MnO 3 , , Sr 2 FeMoO 6 , ), multiferroic materials (BiFeO 3 ), photon management materials (rare earth doped ZnO, , SnO 2 , , or CeO 2 ), etc. More recently, oxides were found to have a potential interest for photovoltaic solar cells. , The main issue related to these oxide materials is their high band gaps which, in order to fit the AM 1.5G solar spectrum, should be lowered to approach that of an ideal absorber in a single junction solar cell (around 1.1–1.3 eV) .…”