Structural and magnetic properties of transition metal doped BaTiO3

Structural, optical and conductivity properties in tetragonal BaTi1−xCoxO3 (0≤ x ≤0.1)

“…This observation of tetragonal phase in our samples is different from previous reports on the observation of hexagonal phase. 16–19 However, it is in good agreement with the findings of Yang et al 15 about the existence of the tetragonal phase in BaTi 1− x Co x O 3 nanoparticles (0.0≤ x ≤0.25) prepared by the hydrothermal method at temperatures below 200 °C. Other authors found the tetragonal–hexagonal phase transformation in BaTi 1− x Co x O 3 samples.…”

“…This observation of tetragonal phase in our samples is different from previous reports on the observation of hexagonal phase. [16][17][18][19] However, it is in good agreement with the ndings of Yang et al 15 about the existence of the tetragonal phase in BaTi 1Àx Co x O 3 nanoparticles (0.0# x #0.25) prepared by the hydrothermal method at temperatures below 200 C. Other authors found the tetragonal-hexagonal phase transformation in BaTi 1Àx Co x O 3 samples. 9,10,16,27 The divergences in the obtained structure of BaTi 1Àx Co x O 3 originate from impurity type, annealing temperature, and sample processing condition, which affect the formation of oxygen vacancies.…”

“…Yang et al 8 reported that BaTi 1Àx Co x O 3 (0.0< x #0.25) samples prepared by the hydrothermal method exhibit a pure tetragonal structure, but it has a hexagonal phase as the major phase in other studies. [14][15][16][17][18][19] Li et al 15 observed that the tetragonal structure of BaTi 1Àx Co x O 3 (0.01# x #0.20) samples only exist at x #0.03, and it is transformed gradually to a hexagonal structure when Co content increases up to the value of 0.05. Phan et al 10 observed that tetragonal-hexagonal transformation occurs at x ¼ 0.01 in BaTi 1Àx Co x O 3 (0.0< x #0.1).…”