Structural and mechanical properties of the organic matrix layers of nacre

Song, Fan; Soh, Ai Kah; Bai, Yilong

doi:10.1016/s0142-9612(03)00215-1

Cited by 378 publications

(254 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Wang et al [22,23] observed the nanoasperities on the platelets and developed a finite element (FE) model based on the friction mechanism. Song et al [24,25] found the mineral bridges (which are mineral connections crossing a protein layer between adjacent mineral platelets) and proposed a "Brick, Bridge, and Mortar" model to interpret the strengthening mechanism of nacre structures. Katti et al [26] developed a platelet interlock model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical structure observation and nanoindentation size effect characterization for a limnetic shell

Song

Fan

et al. 2015

Acta Mech Sin

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In the present research, hierarchical structure observation and mechanical property characterization for a type of biomaterial are carried out. The investigated biomaterial is Hyriopsis cumingii, a typical limnetic shell, which consists of two different structural layers, a prismatic "pillar" structure and a nacreous "brick and mortar" structure. The prismatic layer looks like a "pillar forest" with variationsection pillars sized on the order of several tens of microns. The nacreous material looks like a "brick wall" with bricks sized on the order of several microns. Both pillars and bricks are composed of nanoparticles. The mechanical properties of the hierarchical biomaterial are measured by using the nanoindentation test. Hardness and modulus are measured for both the nacre layer and the prismatic layer, respectively. The nanoindentation size effects for the hierarchical structural materials are investigated experimentally. The results show that the prismatic nanostructured material has a higher stiffness and hardness than the nacre nanostructured material. In addition, the nanoindentation size effects for the hierarchical structural materials are described theoretically, by using the trans-scale mechanics theory considering both strain gradient effect and the surface/interface effect. The modeling results are consistent with experimental ones.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical structure observation and nanoindentation size effect characterization for a limnetic shell

Song

Fan

et al. 2015

Acta Mech Sin

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“…In contrast, the (LDH92/PSS) n /LDH92 coatings strain harden, an effect which can be attributed to in9plane sliding of the well9arranged LDH platelets and subsequent progressive platelet interlocking. This strain hardening phenomenon of (LDH92/PSS) n /LDH92 coatings is similar to that of natural nacre, 47 although the exact mechanism of platelet interlocking is unclear; in natural systems, wedging, 55,56 asperities, 15,57 mineral bridges, 58,59 nanograin rotation 3 and negative Poisson's ratio 60 have been proposed.…”

supporting

confidence: 53%

Nacre-nanomimetics: Strong, Stiff, and Plastic

Luca¹,

Menzel²,

Blaker³

et al. 2015

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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*Address correspondence to m.shaffer@imperial.ac.uk , The bricks and mortar in the classic structure of nacre have characteristic geometry, aspect ratios and relative proportions; these key parameters can be retained whilst scaling down the absolute length scale by more than one order of magnitude. The results shed light on fundamental scaling behavior and provide new opportunities for high performance, yet ductile, lightweight nanocomposites. Reproducing the toughening mechanisms of nacre at smaller length scales allows a greater volume of interface per unit volume whilst simultaneously increasing the intrinsic properties of the inorganic constituents. Layer9by9Layer (LbL) assembly of poly (sodium 49styrene sulfonate) (PSS) polyelectrolyte and well9defined [Mg 2 Al(OH) 6 ]CO 3 .nH 2 O layered double hydroxide (LDH) platelets produces a dense, oriented, high inorganic content (~90 wt%) nanostructure resembling natural nacre, but at a shorter length scale. The smaller building blocks enable the (self9) assembly of a higher quality nanostructure than conventional mimics, leading to improved mechanical properties, approaching those of natural nacre, whilst allowing for substantial plastic deformation. Both strain hardening and crack deflection mechanisms were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) during nanoindentation. The best properties emerge from an ordered nanostructure, generated using regular platelets, with narrow size dispersion.Like many natural composites, the structure of nacre, found in the inner part of some mollusk shells, is a complex hierarchical structure organized over multiple hierarchical levels leading to coupled toughening mechanisms. 196 In particular, its characteristic "brick9and9mortar" structure 7 is understood to play the key role in developing a high resistance to defects; it consists of 95 % brittle inorganic aragonite (CaCO 3 ) building blocks, around 2009900 nm thick and 59 8 Jm wide (aspect ratio from 7915), 8 "glued" together by a soft chitin9containing organic framework. This organic layer is around 209 30 nm thick 9 and makes up the remaining 5 % of the structure. The combination of a small fraction of organic phase along with this specific three9 dimensional architecture leads to exceptional mechanical properties, including high toughness (≈ 1.24 kJ.m 92 ), strength (≈ 140 MPa) and stiffness (E ≈ 60 GPa). 10,11 When loaded, the "bricks" have the ability to slide over one another within the organic phase and eventually interlock 12,13 via a range of possible mechanisms, 14 leading to strain hardening. 14,15 In addition, when a crack initiates from a defect within the nacre structure, multiple crack 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 deflections occur at the building block interfaces. 16 According to the Griffith criterion, the fracture strength of pure aragonite platelets can...

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“…[12] For artificial ones, closely mimicking the nacre's "brick-bridge-mortar" architecture by introducing bridges provides an alternative approach to fully exert nacre's predominance in lightweight and high strength to optimize the mechanical properties.…”

Section: Artificial Nacre Reinforced By Bridgesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5] The layered micro/nanostructure, which is usually referred to as "brick and mortar," is considered the primary reason for toughness improvement. [6] Mechanical behavior, such as plastic deformation at the crack tip, [7] crack deflection, [8] crack blunting, [9] and pull-out, [10] at the microscale and nanoasperities on the tablet surface, [11] mineral bridges, [12] and viscoplastic deformation of the organic material [9] at the nanoscale, occurring in natural nacre during the damage tolerance process, can dissipate an enormous amount of energy and achieve simultaneous improvement of strength and toughness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nacre‐Inspired Structural Composites: Performance‐Enhancement Strategy and Perspective

Zhao

Guo

2017

Advanced Materials

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fabricated a montmorillonite clay (MTM)/poly(diallydimethylammonium) chloride polycation (PDDA) composite with nacre-like layer structure for the first time through sequential adsorption of organic and inorganic dispersions, [13] a typical layer-by-layer (LBL) method. The MTM/PDDA hybrid film with layer structure shows a fracture strength and strain of 105 MPa and 1%, respectively, approximately equal to that of nacre. Since then, more clay-based nacre-like films have been synthesized through the LBL method, and the mechanical properties are promoted by modifying the MTM [14] or crosslinking the polymer. [15] However, the thickness of the nacre-inspired films synthesized by the LBL method is limited to sub-10 µm as LBL is extremely time-consuming. [4] To increase the thickness of nacre-like films, efficient methods such as vacuum-assisted filtration, [16,17] electrophoretic-assisted deposition, [18] evaporation, [19,20] and dip-coating [21] have been developed in the following years. For example, the nacre-like MTM/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film with a thickness of over 200 µm, which is dozens of times thicker than films fabricated by LBL, can be synthesized through vacuum-assisted filtration, and its fracture strength and strain can be up to 160 MPa and 1%, respectively. [16] Recently, a much thicker clay-PVA composite (up to several millimeters) could be achieved by compressing and heating thin-layered films synthesized by evaporation. [22] Another typical method to produce bulk composites with layer structure is freeze-casting. [23][24][25][26] For instance, a lamellar Al 2 O 3 /poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composite with a size of dozens of centimeters showed a high combination of strength (flexural strength of 210 MPa) and toughness (32 MPa m 0.5 ), further surpassing the traditional structural materials. [23] In general, several methods have been developed since 2003 to synthesize nacre-inspired artificial composites with layer structures. However, the limitation of binary inorganic/organic hybrids still hinders further improvement of the mechanical properties of nacre-like artificial structural composites. [27] Recent progress in the synthesis of novel nacre-inspired structural materials, including ternary artificial nacre, artificial nacre reinforced by bridges, and those with a high content of hard phase, is discussed next, here, as a reference of the novel strategies for fabricating lighter, stronger, and tougher nacre-inspired structural materials. To give a comprehensive understanding, the perspective to develop next-generation lightweight and high-performance structural materials and their challenges is also included.For modern material engineering, one of the most ambitious goals is to develop lightweight structural materials with superior strength and toughness. Nacre, a typical biomaterial with high mechanical performance, has always inspired synthesis of high-performance structural composites. Here, the synthesis strategies for further enhancing the strength and toughness of novel nacre-insp...

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Structural and mechanical properties of the organic matrix layers of nacre

Cited by 378 publications

References 13 publications

Hierarchical structure observation and nanoindentation size effect characterization for a limnetic shell

Hierarchical structure observation and nanoindentation size effect characterization for a limnetic shell

Nacre-nanomimetics: Strong, Stiff, and Plastic

Nacre‐Inspired Structural Composites: Performance‐Enhancement Strategy and Perspective

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