Structural and optical properties of zirconium doped lithium niobate crystals

Argiolas, N.; Bazzan, M.; Ciampolillo, Maria Vittoria; Pozzobon, P.; Sada, Cinzia; Saoner, L.; Zaltron, A.; Bacci, L.; Minzioni, P.; Nava, Giovanni; Parravicini, Jacopo; Yan, Wenbo; Cristiani, Ilaria; Degiorgio, Vittorio

doi:10.1063/1.3499275

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Figure 1b presents the calculated unit cell volume V (the upper curve); for comparison, V vs. Zn-concentration is shown (the low dashed curve) calculated from our former measurements in LiNbO 3 -Zn [19]. parameters vs. Zr concentration were reported [23]. In more detail, these studies will be discussed below comparing them to the results obtained in In-doped LiNbO3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In Figure 1b, in addition to the graphs V vs. In and Zn concentrations (the lower and upper curves, respectively), we show the unit-cell volume for LiNbO 3 -3%ZrO 2 estimated from the data of [23]. In accordance with Vegard's law, the unit-cell parameters, in particular the unit-cell volume V smoothly increase with the impurity concentrations, the V value being noticeably larger for the substitutional impurities having the larger ionic radii (In and Zr).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…X-ray and neutron investigations of LiNbO 3 -Zn were performed by us [19][20][21]; later on, the lattice parameters of LiNbO 3 -Zn were measured in [22]. Recently, in Zr-doped SLN crystals the lattice parameters vs. Zr concentration were reported [23]. In more detail, these studies will be discussed below comparing them to the results obtained in In-doped LiNbO 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Lattice Parameters of Optical Damage Resistant In-Doped LiNbO3 Crystals

Sulyanov

Volk

2018

Crystals

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Abstract:The lattice parameters in optical damage resistant crystal LiNbO 3 -In were measured for the first time using the X-ray powder method with an internal standard, which provides a high accuracy of the results. The lattice parameters vs. In concentration were obtained in the concentration range from 0.24 to 3.2 at % In in the crystal. The results are discussed in the framework of currently accepted model of the LiNbO 3 intrinsic defect structure.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Lattice Parameters of Optical Damage Resistant In-Doped LiNbO3 Crystals

Sulyanov

Volk

2018

Crystals

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“…For example, the threshold concentration for Zr-doped congruent LN crystals was found to be at about 2 mol. % [3,10,11]. Another factor beside the ODR ions and their valency strongly effecting the threshold concentration is stoichiometry of the crystal.…”

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confidence: 99%

Photorefractive damage resistance threshold in stoichiometric LiNbO_3:Zr crystals

et al. 2013

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Several optical methods including ultraviolet absorption, infrared absorption of the hydroxyl ions, Raman spectroscopy, and the Z-scan method have been used to determine the damage resistance threshold in 0-0.72 mol. % Zr-containing, flux-grown, nearly stoichiometric LiNbO 3 single crystals. All spectroscopical methods used indicate that samples containing at least ≈0.085 mol: % Zr in the crystal are above the threshold while Z-scan data locate the photorefractive damage threshold between 0.085 and 0.314 mol. % Zr. For LN grown from congruent melt the threshold concentration of the optical damage resistant (ODR) ions is roughly 5, 4, and 2 mol. % for di-, tri-, and tetravalent ions, respectively. For example, the threshold concentration for Zr-doped congruent LN crystals was found to be at about 2 mol. % [3,10,11]. Another factor beside the ODR ions and their valency strongly effecting the threshold concentration is stoichiometry of the crystal. The incorporation of ODR ions reduces the amount of antisite Nb Li in the lattice. In nearly stoichiometric LiNbO 3 (sLN) crystals where the Nb Li concentration is almost zero, the threshold value of the dopant concentration can be lower than 0.2 mol. % as was observed for Mg-doped sLN [12] used for instance for terahertz pulse generation [13]. Zr-doped nearly stoichiometric LN crystals prepared by the vapor transport equilibration method were found to have high resistance against optical damage when doped above 0.5 mol. % Zr [14]. The basic advantage of choosing tetravalent ODR dopants comes from their lower damage threshold concentrations; lower built-in dopant content facilitates the growth of more homogeneous crystals, resulting in high-quality samples for device applications.The aim of the present work is to characterize the damage resistance properties of tetravalent Zr-doped sLN crystals by ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), and Raman spectroscopies as well as by the Z-scan method. These methods proved earlier very efficient to determine the threshold concentration of the dopants.A series of stoichiometric LN crystals doped with Zr in the 0-0.45 mol. % concentration range were grown by the high-temperature top-seeded solution growth method using K 2 O flux [12]. The Zr concentration in the crystal was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). As shown in Fig. 1, the amount of incorporated Zr, at least in the range 0-0.715 mol. % realized in our samples, monotonously increases with increasing concentration of Zr in the starting flux. The relatively high distribution coefficient of Zr as compared to that observed in the melt-grown congruent crystals [3] may be related to the different growing technique, similarly to the case of Mg [12].For optical spectroscopical measurements 1-2 mm thick z-and y-cut samples have been prepared. The UV-visible absorption spectra of z-cut sLN:Zr crystals were measured by a Jasco V-550 spectrometer at room temperature. The spectra of the stretching vibrational bands of the hydroxyl ions (OH − ) in sLN:Zr were

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“…In addition, it was shown that the non-linear optical, and electro-optical coefficients are preserved [12,13] in Zr-doped LN, so that this crystal is promising for applications of frequency conversion and laser modulation. As a consequence, Zr-doped LN with a threshold concentration of around 2-3mol% [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zr doping on lithium niobate crystals: Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics

Kokanyan

Chapron

Kokanyan

et al. 2017

Journal of Applied Physics

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Raman measurements were investigated on Zr -doped lithium niobate LiNbO 3 crystals with different concentrations. Spectra were treated by fitting procedure and principal component analysis which both provide results consistent with each other. The concentration dependence of the frequency of the main low-frequency optical phonons gives an insight of site incorporation of Zr ions in the host lattice. The threshold concentration of about 2% is evidenced, confirming the interest of Zr doping as an alternative to Mg doping for the reduction of the optical damage in lithium niobate.

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Structural and optical properties of zirconium doped lithium niobate crystals

Cited by 30 publications

References 23 publications

Lattice Parameters of Optical Damage Resistant In-Doped LiNbO3 Crystals

Lattice Parameters of Optical Damage Resistant In-Doped LiNbO3 Crystals

Photorefractive damage resistance threshold in stoichiometric LiNbO_3:Zr crystals

Zr doping on lithium niobate crystals: Raman spectroscopy and chemometrics

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