Structural and tribological properties of the plasma nitrided Ti-alloy biomaterials: Influence of the treatment temperature

Surface Modification of Self-Consolidated Microporous Ti Implant Compacts Fabricated by Electro-Discharge-Sintering in Air

“…High resolution scans were then used to obtain information regarding the surface chemical state of the materials. [19]. The formation of oxynitride layers on Ti with gas diffusion treatment has been also reported [20].…”

“…Among them, nitriding processes based on the thermo-diffusion mechanism have been used to improve the corrosion and wear resistance properties as well as bioactivity of Ti and Ti-based alloys, resulting from the formation of Ti nitrides. Conventional nitriding processes have several disadvantages, however, such as long processing times, poor surface finish, poor control of the nitride layer formation etc [8,9].…”

Effect of the Nitrogen Diffusion Layer Formed by Gas Blow Induction Heating Nitriding on Wear Resistance and Fatigue Properties of Titanium Alloy

“…When standard processes such as gas or plasma nitriding are carried out on titanium, the wear resistance is improved due to the formation of a hard nitrogen compound layer [3]. However, the fatigue strength of nitrided titanium is reduced due to brittleness of the nitrogen compound layer [4].…”

Spontaneous Formation of Titanium Nitride on the Surface of a Ti Rod Induced by Electro-Discharge-Heat-Treatment in an N2 Atmosphere

“…Conventional nitriding processes have several disadvantages, however, such as long processing times, poor surface finish, poor control of the nitrided layer formation etc. [10,11].…”

“…In addition, a comparatively high operating pressure can increase the possibility of surface contamination and also retard the diffusion of nitrogen [11][12][13], which produces a very thin nitrided layer (0.1-0.2 μm) even after a long treatment time. This is neither economical nor favorable for biomedical applications [11,13]. Recently, laser nitriding has been viewed as attractive in comparison to other nitriding processes due to its short treatment time and accuracy in controlling the treatment location.…”