Structural balance: a generalization of Heider's theory.

Cartwright, Dorwin; Harary, Frank

doi:10.1037/h0046049

Cited by 2,158 publications

(1,368 citation statements)

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“…The interaction between positive and negative links in social networks has been the subject of a large body of theoretical research in sociology, beginning with the work of Heider, Cartwright and Harary in the 1940s and 1950s [27,28], but it is a topic where obtaining empirical data has been particularly challenging owing to the difficulty in reliably measuring the 'sign' of a link.…”

Section: Positive and Negative Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One interpretation is to view it as signifying a friend/enemy relationship; a positive link from A means 'B is my friend', whereas a negative link means 'B is my enemy'. The theory of structural balance from social psychology [27,28] offers predictions for typical patterns of link signs in this case: they should reflect the notions that 'the friend of my friend is my friend', 'the enemy of my friend is my enemy', and more generally that A and B will be motivated to adjust their link signs so that they are friendly with each other precisely when they have the same friend/enemy status with respect to third parties C. Another interpretation is to view a signed link as an expression of the relative status of A and B, with A indicating either deference or superiority through the sign of her link to B. Under this interpretation, a positive link from A means 'B has higher status than I do', whereas a negative link from A means 'B has lower status than I do'.…”

Section: Positive and Negative Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of large-scale social and information networks

Kleinberg

2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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The growth of the Web has required us to think about the design of information systems in which large-scale computational and social feedback effects are simultaneously at work. At the same time, the data generated by Web-scale systems—recording the ways in which millions of participants create content, link information, form groups and communicate with one another—have made it possible to evaluate long-standing theories of social interaction, and to formulate new theories based on what we observe. These developments have created a new level of interaction between computing and the social sciences, enriching the perspectives of both of these disciplines. We discuss some of the observations, theories and conclusions that have grown from the study of Web-scale social interaction, focusing on issues including the mechanisms by which people join groups, the ways in which different groups are linked together in social networks and the interplay of positive and negative interactions in these networks.

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Section: Positive and Negative Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Positive and Negative Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of large-scale social and information networks

Kleinberg

2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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“…Initially introduced by Tolman (1948), the onset of cognitive maps as a methodological tool is due to Cartwright and Harary (1956 (Cartwright & Harary, 1956, p. 292). Cognitive mapping thus emerges as a methodological tool which allows its users to understand the mental representations of a certain individual at a certain point in time (Nicolini, 1999; Jalali, F. Ferreira, J. Ferreira, & Meidutė-Kavaliauskienė, 2016), allowing complex problems to be structured.…”

Section: Background On Cognitive Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to Real Estate Investments for Residential Rental Purposes: Mapping Out the Problem

Pires

Ferreira

Jalali

et al. 2018

International Journal of Strategic Property Management

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Abstract. The recent economic crisis led to significant changes in the real estate market; one of which was a shift toward home rental (rather than buying). Real estate investors have an important role in the growth of the rental market. However, there are often hindrances to investing for residential rental purposes. In order to overcome these barriers, they first need to be identified and understood. With this in mind, the main focus of this investigation was the creation of a conceptual model, through fuzzy cognitive mapping, to identify and understand the cause-and-effect relationships between the factors that represent an obstacle to real estate investments for residential rental purposes. The results show that cognitive maps can be of great use for the structuring of complex decision problems, minimizing the number of factors left out of the decision-making process. In particular, the tenant risk behavior, property location and associated costs (for the owner) were identified as the main obstacles to real estate investment. The practical implications of the model, as well as the advantages and limitations of the process followed, are also discussed.

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“…The signed graphs provide natural representation for this phenomena. In fact, it has attracted much attention for modeling interpersonal interaction [3], [7]. In [8], consensus problems are investigated over signed graphs using a distributed time-varying linear protocol for opinion forming among agents in the networks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to understand its behavior for economics [1], sociology [2], social psychology [3], and so on. Typical interests in this area are analysis of opinion behavior over time, investigation of conditions which these behaviors depend on, and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opinion Formation over Signed Gossip Networks

Nguyen

Wada

Masubuchi

et al. 2017

SICE Journal of Control, Measurement, and System Integration

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: Opinion formation is investigated over signed gossip networks, where asymptotic and transient opinion behaviors are analyzed in detail. The network is modeled by a connected signed graph, where each edge of the graph has positive or negative weight, i.e., these edges represent friendly or hostile relationship. Interactions each of which occurs between two persons chosen randomly follow an asynchronous procedure. Then it is shown that their opinions always converge in mean square and converge almost surely. A convergence time is defined as the smallest time such that it takes for the values of nodes to get within a given neighborhood of the consensus value with high probability, regardless of initial state. An upper bound and a lower bound of the convergence time of the gossip algorithm are given in terms of a structure of the given network.

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Structural balance: a generalization of Heider's theory.

Cited by 2,158 publications

References 21 publications

Analysis of large-scale social and information networks

Analysis of large-scale social and information networks

Barriers to Real Estate Investments for Residential Rental Purposes: Mapping Out the Problem

Opinion Formation over Signed Gossip Networks

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