Structural basis of blue-colour development in flower petals from Commelina communis

Hondo, Tadao; Yoshida, Kumi; Nakagawa, Atsushi; Kawai, Takatoshi; Tamura, Hirotoshi; Goto, Toshio

doi:10.1038/358515a0

Cited by 220 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…These observations are more consistent with the formation of a Mo-catecholate complex, such as a Mo-anthocyanin complex, in which there may be binding of one or more Mo of a polymolybdate anion at the ortho-dihydroxyl group on the B ring on the anthocyanin. A similar complexation of metals with anthocyanins has been reported for magnesium (Kondo et al, 1992), iron (Everest and Hall, 1921), and aluminum (Takeda et al, 1985). In each case, binding of these metals also resulted in a color change to blue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Molybdenum Sequestration in BrassicaSpecies. A Role for Anthocyanins?

et al. 2001

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To elucidate plant mechanisms involved in molybdenum (Mo) sequestration and tolerance, Brassica spp. seedlings were supplied with molybdate, and the effects on plant physiology, morphology, and biochemistry were analyzed. When supplied with (colorless) molybdate Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) seedlings accumulated water-soluble blue crystals in their peripheral cell layers. Energy dispersive x-ray analysis showed that Mo accumulated predominantly in the vacuoles of the epidermal cells. Therefore, the blue crystals are likely to be a Mo compound. The x-ray absorption spectrum of the plant-accumulated Mo was different than that for molybdate, indicating complexation with a plant molecule. Because the blue compound was water soluble and showed a pH-dependent color change, possible involvement of anthocyanins was investigated. An anthocyanin-less mutant of Brassica rapa ("fast plants") was compared with varieties containing normal or high anthocyanin levels. The anthocyanin-less mutant did not show accumulation of a blue compound when supplied with molybdate. In the anthocyanin-containing varieties, the blue compound colocalized with anthocyanins in the peripheral cell layers. Mo accumulation by the three B. rapa varieties was positively correlated with anthocyanin content. Addition of molybdate to purified B. rapa anthocyanin resulted in an in vitro color change from pink to blue. Therefore, Mo appears to be sequestered in vacuoles of the peripheral cell layers of Brassica spp. as a blue compound, probably a Mo-anthocyanin complex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Molybdenum Sequestration in BrassicaSpecies. A Role for Anthocyanins?

et al. 2001

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“…However, only at the end of the 20th century Kondo et al (1992) determined the full structure of commelin by X-ray crystallography. The term MA refers to a self-assembled, supra-molecular metal complex pigment; this complex is composed of stoichiometric amounts of anthocyanins, flavones and metal ions (6:6:2, respectively) and the presence of metal ions is essential for the complex formation (Takeda and Hayashi, 1977) (Fig.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Anthocyanins be Part of the Metal Homeostasis Network in Plant?

Landi¹

2015

American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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Anthocyanins are a class of flavonoids with a high level of diversification and likely the most studied pathway of secondary metabolism in Plantae. Anthocyanins have raised a growing interest due to the huge variability of their chemical structures and the more new anthocyanins are isolated from plants, the more questions on their evolutionary and ecological meaning they raise. Antioxidant, photoprotection against high light and UV, defence against herbivores and pathogens, attraction of pollinator are only some proposed biological functions for those versatile compounds. Anthocyanins have also been found complexed with metal ions either in flower pigments (commelin and protocyanin) or in leaves and stems. Due to the potentiality of anthocyanins to chelate to metals, their involvement in the attenuation of metal toxicity has been recently proposed. Conversely, the ability of plants to remobilize metal ions from stored metal-anthocyanin complexes when plants experience a period of transient metal shortage has never been investigated before. The aim of this paper is to support the hypothesis that the anthocyanin-metal interactions might represent a further ecological role for these pigments and also that anthocyanins can be part of the complex network of metal homeostasis in plant.

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“…However, Goto & Kondo (1991) suggested that the unexpected stability of anthocyanins in vivo could be the result of metal complexation, self-association, copigmentation, or molecular stacking. All four types of stabilisation have been demonstrated recently (Kondo et al 1992) in commelinin, a blue anthocyanin.…”

Section: Received 26 April 1993; Accepted 4 August 1993mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sugar and anthocyanidin content of two processing‐grade sweet cherry cultivars and cherry products

Gardiner

Beyer

Melton

1993

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

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The individual sugars and anthocyanidins in processing-grade 'Dawson' and 'Bing' cherries and cherry products were investigated in order to assess the quality of the processed fruit. Glucose, fructose, and relatively high levels of sorbitol were found in fresh and frozen cherries of both cultivars. During glaceing, sucrose was predictably absorbed by the fruit but glucose was preferentially leached into the glaceing syrups. In contrast, sorbitol is preferentially lost during the manufacture of cherry leathers. Cyanidin was the only anthocyanidin detected in both cherry cultivars. 'Dawson' and 'Bing' frozen cherries contained cyanidin levels of 76 mg/100 g and 74 mg/100 g wet weight of fruit flesh respectively. Processing the cherries to give glace cherries and cherry leathers reduced the cyanidin contents by 9 to 30%. The reduction in cyanidin due to processing was organoleptically acceptable.

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Structural basis of blue-colour development in flower petals from Commelina communis

Cited by 220 publications

References 27 publications

Molybdenum Sequestration in BrassicaSpecies. A Role for Anthocyanins?

Molybdenum Sequestration in BrassicaSpecies. A Role for Anthocyanins?

Can Anthocyanins be Part of the Metal Homeostasis Network in Plant?

Sugar and anthocyanidin content of two processing‐grade sweet cherry cultivars and cherry products

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