Structural behaviour of 3D printed concrete beams with various reinforcement strategies

Gebhard, Lukas; Mata‐Falcón, Jaime; Anton, Ana; Dillenburger, Benjamin; Kaufmann, Walter

doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112380

Cited by 113 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The procedure represents a systematic and fast extraction of the local crack behaviour with high spatial and temporal resolution. The application of the ACDM tool has already led to significant findings in several studies on the mechanical behaviour of structural concrete with conventional and non-conventional reinforcement, such as fibre or textile reinforcement, at the Chair of Concrete Structures and Bridge Design, ETH Zurich [8,[11][12][13][14][15] as well as elsewhere [16,17]. However, it has been shown that the method may fail or result in biased measurements in large-scale experiments with a complex crack pattern at locations with closely spaced cracks, crack intersections or cracks with high morphological curvature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refined extraction of crack characteristics in large-scale concrete experiments based on digital image correlation

Gehri

Mata‐Falcón

Kaufmann

2022

Engineering Structures

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The accurate extraction of the crack patterns and measurements of crack kinematics are essential for understanding the mechanical behaviour in experiments on structural concrete as well as in the validation and further development of sound mechanical models. This paper presents important refinements of the authors' recently published automatic crack detection and measurement procedure (ACDM) based on surface displacement measurements obtained with digital image correlation (DIC). The proposed refinements are crucial for reliably assessing the crack behaviour in large-scale experiments with complex crack patterns, since the original methods of ACDM may fail or result in biased measurements at locations with closely spaced cracks, crack intersections or cracks with high morphological curvature. The main refinements are (i) a Canny edge-based crack detector, which is applied on the DIC major principal strain field and (ii) enhancements in the crack kinematic measurement to assess the reliability of the results. The latter includes the automatic selection of optimum reference points used in the crack kinematic measurement to increase its reliability and remove uncertain results. The refined ACDM procedure is validated using several large-scale 2.0 × 2.0 m shear panel experiments with highly complex crack patterns. Compared to the original ACDM, significantly thinner cracks can be detected with a much higher reliability of crack locations and crack kinematic measurements, particularly close to crack intersections and at closely spaced cracks. Additionally, two approaches for the statistical consolidation of the large amount of gathered data into characteristic crack properties in large-scale homogeneous concrete element experiments are proposed and compared. The results show that the statistical consolidation of the ACDM data using a 95%-quantile match well with the direct extraction of the best-fit homogeneous crack properties from the fullfield DIC displacements. The consolidated data provides highly valuable insight into the mechanical behaviour, especially regarding crack phenomena.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refined extraction of crack characteristics in large-scale concrete experiments based on digital image correlation

Gehri

Mata‐Falcón

Kaufmann

2022

Engineering Structures

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“…Short span post-tensioned pedestrian bridges (Salet et al 2018) have been tested and built, demonstrating advantages in customization and material savings (Vantyghem et al 2020). Research was carried out on prefab beam elements, with explorations on reinforcement integration strategies (Gebhard et al 2021) and code compliance (Mesnil et al 2020), and material saving. However, challenges in modeling the anisotropic mechanical behavior (Panda et al 2017), in the simulation of printed structures, the inherent limitations of the layered manufacturing process, and the difficulties in integrating reinforcements, currently bound 3DCP to often simplistic solutions.…”

Section: D Concrete Printing For Structural Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lightweight 3D Printed Concrete Beams Show an Environmental Promise: A Cradle-to-Grave Comparative Life Cycle Assessment

Gislason

Bruhn

Breseghello

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Despite the increasing interest in 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) in construction, limited research has quantitatively investigated the environmental impact that 3DCP brings. The existing Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies in the field can be criticized for a lack of clearly defined functional units of comparison, especially considering load-bearing structures. This paper investigates the potential environmental benefits of 3DCP over conventional concrete construction in a case study of structural beams based on a cradle-to-grave comparative LCA. Unlike in the existing LCA studies on 3DCP, this paper employs a carbonation model to account for the potential carbon offsetting from the use-stage of 3DP concrete, which showed to be significant for the results. The assessment includes three-beam designs, each analyzed for both prefabrication and on-site construction scenarios. While 3DCP generally has a higher environmental impact due to the larger quantity of cement employed in the process, the reduction of materials through shape and infill optimization results as valid design principles to reduce emissions. Results show that, while standard designed 3DCP beams perform worse than their equivalent cast beams, lightweight designs for printed beams are promising in terms of reducing the environmental impacts from construction. The paper draws recommendations for future research on material development, e.g. integration of larger aggregates and low-clinker cement, and carbonation-efficient 3DCP design of load-bearing structures, e.g. considering the environmental benefits of carbonation in the design optimization process.

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“…According to the sequence of steel bar reinforcement, it can be divided into post-installed reinforcement and pre-installed reinforcement. In the post-installed reinforcement process, 3D printed contour serves as the formwork, and the steel bars are installed later and filled with concrete such as the post-tensioned 3D printed concrete beam [49], and the building by WinSun [50], as shown in Fig. 7(a).…”

Section: Steel Barsmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D printed concrete components and structures: an overview

Xiao,

Liu,

Ding

et al. 2021

Sustain. Struct.

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This paper aims to present an overview and explore components or structures suitable for 3D printed concrete. Most traditional structural forms are not well suitable for 3D printed concrete. To be more specific, it cannot fully consider the characteristics and advantages of 3D printing such as individualization and digitalization. Several 3D-printing-specific structure forms (including hollow form, tree form, arch form, and structure-functional form) are classified and the relevant successful cases are demonstrated. Moreover, the application potential of 3D printed concrete structures is illustrated and the limitations as well as the solutions for the application of 3D printed concrete in practical projects are also summarized. Based on the classification of different reinforcement materials, several reinforcement methods are intensively discussed for 3D printed concrete including steel bars, fibers and other reinforcement materials. The comparison of economic and environmental benefits between 3D concrete printing technology and traditional construction method is discussed respectively. Finally, the expected evolution of 3D printed structures is put forward and recommended.

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Structural behaviour of 3D printed concrete beams with various reinforcement strategies

Cited by 113 publications

References 46 publications

Refined extraction of crack characteristics in large-scale concrete experiments based on digital image correlation

Refined extraction of crack characteristics in large-scale concrete experiments based on digital image correlation

Lightweight 3D Printed Concrete Beams Show an Environmental Promise: A Cradle-to-Grave Comparative Life Cycle Assessment

3D printed concrete components and structures: an overview

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