Structural brain abnormalities in male schizophrenics reflect fronto-temporal dissociation

Woodruff, Peter; Wright, Ian C.; Shuriquie, Nasser; Russouw, H.; Rushe, Teresa; Howard, Robert; Graves, Martin J.; Bullmore, Edward T.; Murray, Robin M.

doi:10.1017/s0033291797005229

Cited by 125 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, the associations we detected may be disrupted in some patient populations, although the mean regional densities per se may not be affected. In the only example of this sort, Woodruff et al (1997) demonstrated a dissociation between gray matter volumes of superior temporal and frontal cortex in schizophrenics relative to controls, although neither region individually differed in mean volume between the two groups. The approach we use here may therefore be useful to investigate patterns of associations in patients and controls or in different groups of patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Structural Covariance in the Human Cortex

Mechelli¹,

Friston²,

Frackowiak³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

571

473

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The morphology of the human cortex varies remarkably across individuals, regardless of overall brain size. It is currently unclear whether related cortical regions covary in gray matter density, as a result of mutually trophic influences or common experience-related plasticity. We acquired a structural magnetic resonance imaging scan from 172 subjects and extracted the regional gray matter densities from 12 readily identifiable regions of interest involved in sensorimotor or higher-order cognitive functions. We then used these values to predict regional densities in the remaining areas of the cortex, using voxel-based morphometry. This revealed patterns of positive and negative covariance that provide insight into the topographical organization of multiple cortical regions. We report that the gray matter density of a region is a good predictor of the density of the homotopic region in the contralateral hemisphere, with the striking exception of primary visual cortex. Whereas some regions express patterns of regional covariance that are mirror symmetrical relative to the interhemispheric fissure, other regions express asymmetric patterns of regional covariance. Finally, patterns of covariance are remarkably consistent between males and females, with the exception of the left amygdala, which is positively associated with the left and right anterior inferior temporal cortex in males and with the right angular gyrus in females. Our study establishes that the density of different cortical regions is coordinated within an individual. The coordinated variations we report are likely to be determined by both genetic and environmental factors and may be the basis for differences in individual behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Structural Covariance in the Human Cortex

Mechelli¹,

Friston²,

Frackowiak³

et al. 2005

J. Neurosci.

571

473

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, in our review of 49 MRI studies, we note a large number of studies that demonstrate left-lateralized findings for the amygdala-hippocampal complex, particularly in male patients (e.g. Barta et al, 1990Barta et al, , 1997aBogerts et al, 1990Bogerts et al, , 1993bBreier et al, 1992;DeLisi et al, 1988;Hirayasu et al, 1998;Kawasaki et al, 1993-parahippocampal gyrus only;McNeil et al, 2000;Ohnuma et al, 1997;Razi et al, 1999;Rossi et al, 1994a;Shenton et al, 1992;Stefanis et al, 1999;Velakoulis et al, 1999;Woodruff et al, 1997b).…”

Section: Temporal Lobe Findingsmentioning

confidence: 86%

A review of MRI findings in schizophrenia

Shenton

Dickey

Frumin

et al. 2001

Schizophrenia Research

2,145

121

1,332

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After more than 100 years of research, the neuropathology of schizophrenia remains unknown and this is despite the fact that both Kraepelin (1919/1971: Kraepelin,E., 1919/1971. Dementia praecox. Churchill Livingston Inc., New York) and Bleuler (1911/1950: Bleuler, E., 1911/1950. Dementia praecox or the group of schizophrenias. International Universities Press, New York), who first described 'dementia praecox' and the ' schizophrenias', were convinced that schizophrenia would ultimately be linked to an organic brain disorder. Alzheimer (1897: Alzheimer, A., 1897. Beitrage zur pathologischen anatomie der hirnrinde und zur anatomischen grundlage einiger psychosen. Monatsschrift fur Psychiarie und Neurologie. 2, 82-120) was the first to investigate the neuropathology of schizophrenia, though he went on to study more tractable brain diseases. The results of subsequent neuropathological studies were disappointing because of conflicting findings. Research interest thus waned and did not flourish again until 1976, following the pivotal computer assisted tomography (CT) finding of lateral ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia by Johnstone and colleagues. Since that time significant progress has been made in brain imaging, particularly with the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), beginning with the first MRI study of schizophrenia by Smith and coworkers in 1984 (Smith, R.C., Calderon, M., Ravichandran, G. K., et al. (1984). Nuclear magnetic resonance in schizophrenia: A preliminary study. Psychiatry Res. 12, 137-147). MR in vivo imaging of the brain now confirms brain abnormalities in schizophrenia.The 193 peer reviewed MRI studies reported in the current review span the period from 1988 to August, 2000. This 12 year period has witnessed a burgeoning of MRI studies and has led to more definitive findings of brain abnormalities in schizophrenia than any other time period in the history of schizophrenia research. Such progress in defining the neuropathology of schizophrenia is largely due to advances in in vivo MRI techniques. These advances have now led to the identification of a number of brain abnormalities in schizophrenia. Some of these abnormalities confirm earlier postmortem findings, and most are small and subtle, rather than large, thus necessitating more advanced and accurate measurement tools. These findings include ventricular enlargement (80% of studies reviewed) and third ventricle enlargement (73% of studies reviewed). There is also preferential involvement of medial temporal lobe structures (74% of studies reviewed), which include the amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus, and neocortical temporal lobe regions (superior temporal gyrus) (100% of studies reviewed). When gray and white matter of superior temporal gyrus was combined, 67% of studies reported abnormalities. There was also moderate evidence for frontal lobe abnormalities (59% of studies reviewed), particularly prefrontal gray matter and orbitofrontal regions. Similarly, there was moderate evidence for parietal lobe ab...

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“…248 Some studies were only able to find evidence for significantly smaller left hippocampal volume. [255][256][257] Stefanis et al 258 found evidence for smaller left hippocampi only in patients with schizophrenia and birth complications. Others have failed to find any evidence of smaller hippocampi in patients with schizophrenia, compared to controls.…”

Section: Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

MR-based in vivo hippocampal volumetrics: 2. Findings in neuropsychiatric disorders

2004

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has opened a new window to the brain. Measuring hippocampal volume with MRI has provided important information about several neuropsychiatric disorders. We reviewed the literature and selected all English-language, human subject, data-driven papers on hippocampal volumetry, yielding a database of 423 records. Smaller hippocampal volumes have been reported in epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, mild cognitive impairment, the aged, traumatic brain injury, cardiac arrest, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Cushing's disease, herpes simplex encephalitis, Turner's syndrome, Down's syndrome, survivors of low birth weight, schizophrenia, major depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, chronic alcoholism, borderline personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and antisocial personality disorder. Significantly larger hippocampal volumes have been correlated with autism and children with fragile X syndrome. Preservation of hippocampal volume has been reported in congenital hyperplasia, children with fetal alcohol syndrome, anorexia nervosa, attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, and panic disorder. Possible mechanisms of hippocampal volume loss in neuropsychiatric disorders are discussed.

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Structural brain abnormalities in male schizophrenics reflect fronto-temporal dissociation

Abstract: These results support the existence of a relative 'fronto-temporal dissociation' in schizophrenia which we suggest may be due to lack of mutually trophic influences during frontal and temporal lobe development.

Cited by 125 publications

References 28 publications

Structural Covariance in the Human Cortex

Structural Covariance in the Human Cortex

A review of MRI findings in schizophrenia

MR-based in vivo hippocampal volumetrics: 2. Findings in neuropsychiatric disorders

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